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Psychology Paper One > Attachment > Flashcards

Attachment Flashcards

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1
Q

Affectionless Psychopathy

A

people who don’t show concern or affection for other people and show no or very little remorse or guilt - bowlby

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2
Q

Asocial Stage

A

Stage from 0-6 weeks where infant may respond to faces or voices but an attachment has not been formed

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3
Q

Attachment

A

Two-way enduring emotional tie to another person

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4
Q

Contact comfort

A

The physical and emotional comfort that an infant receives from being close to its mother

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5
Q

Continuity Hypothesis

A

The idea that early relationships with caregivers predict later relationships in adulthood

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6
Q

Critical period

A

A time period where an attachment has to form or it never will

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7
Q

Disinhibited attachment

A

Child shows equal affection to strangers as they do people they know well

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8
Q

Evolutionary explanation

A

Explanation for behaviour such as attachment that views it as increasing survival chances

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9
Q

Imprinting

A

Where offspring follow the first large-moving object they see

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10
Q

Indiscriminate attachment

A

Infants aged 2-7 months can discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar people but does not show stranger anxiety

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11
Q

Innate behaviour

A

A behaviour that is instinctive and does not need to be learned

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12
Q

Insecure avoidant attachment

A

where child shows low stranger and separation anxiety and little response to reunion

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13
Q

Insecure resistant attachment

A

child shows high stranger and separation anxiety and resists comfort at reunion

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14
Q

Institutionalisation

A

effects of growing up in an institution, such as a children’s home or orphanage

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15
Q

Interactional synchrony

A

Infant and caregiver reflect each other’s actions and emotions in a coordinated manner

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16
Q

Internal working model

A

Mental representation of our relationship with our primary caregiver that becomes a template for future relationships

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17
Q

Learning theory

A

Explanations that emphasise the role of learning in acquiring behaviours such as attachment

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18
Q

Maternal deprivation hypothesis

A

Separation from the mother figure in early childhood has serious consequences

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19
Q

Monotropy

A

A unique and close attachment to one person - the primary attachment figure

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20
Q

Multiple attachments

A

Formation of emotional bonds with more than one carer

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21
Q

Privation

A

Failure to form an attachment in early childhood

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22
Q

proximity seeking

A

The way that infants try to maintain physical contact or be close to their attachment figure

23
Q

Reciprocity

A

Infant and caregiver match each other’s responses

24
Q

Secure attachment

A

where child shows separation anxiety, stranger anxiety and joy on reunion

25
Q

Sensitive period

A

The best time period over which attachments can form

26
Q

Separation anxiety

A

Degree of distress shown by the child when separated from the caregiver

27
Q

Social releasers

A

Innate behaviours shown by an infant that lead to a caregiving response

28
Q

Specific attachment

A

Infants aged 7 months tend to show a strong attachment to one particular person and are wary of strangers

29
Q

Strange Situation

A

A controlled observation used to test children’s attachment patterns

30
Q

Stranger anxiety

A

Degree of distress shown by an infant when with unfamiliar people

31
Q

Temperament

A

The characteristics and aspects of personality an infant is born with and that might impact on its attachment type

32
Q

Schaffer and Emerson Procedure

A

Observations to whether a child showed children showed
Seperation Protest
or
Stranger Anxiety

33
Q

Evaluation of Schaffer and Emerson

A
  • Bias and inaccuracy due to the mothers recording their own results
    + Has mundane realism as it was set in everyday situations
  • Large individual differences
34
Q

Factors affecting the relationship between Fathers and their children

A

Degree of sensitivity
Attachment to ones own parent
Marital Intimacy
Supportive Co parenting

35
Q

Who often do children only have attachments to just their fathers

A

3% of the time

36
Q

What do children go to their mothers for according to lamb

A

Comfort and sensitivity

37
Q

Why does a child need their father

A

They are less sensitive so they are for playfulness but this is why babies dont attach to dads as much

38
Q

What did Hardy conclude about fathers

A

They are less suitable than mothers to detect infant distress

39
Q
  • Harlow Evaluation - Validity
A

Cloth mothers faces were nicer

40
Q
  • Harlow Evaluation. Ethical
A

Causing harm to monkeys and they cant consent

… however its better to test on monkeys than human babies

41
Q
  • Harlow Evaluation - reversible imprinting
A

Chickens were imprinted on yellow rubber gloves and showed this mate preference. However, time spent with their species resulted in normal sexual behaviour.

42
Q

+ Harlow evaluation - Influence on Bowlby

A

– Imprinting influenced Bowlby’s idea of a critical period for babies to form attachments. The continuity hypothesis can be related to sexual imprinting; early behaviour has an impact on future relationships.

43
Q

+ Strange Situation Paradigm

A

Became a replica for assessing attachments

44
Q

+ Strange Situation similar findings

A

Main found that infants secure at 18 months followed this security and 75% of insecure avoidant were still avoid at at 6 years

45
Q

Strange Situations - ethics

A

causing deliberate distress - however it is everyday stress, like a new babysitter

46
Q
  • Strange situation Broenheffer
A

Questioned the validity as it was an artificial environment with scripted behaviour

47
Q

What were the overall percentages from the strange situation meta analysis

A

A- 21%
B- 67%
C- 12%

48
Q

In the strange situation meta analysis who was mostly type A

A

Germany

49
Q

Where was predominantly Type C in the meta analysis

A

China and Japan

50
Q
  • Strange Situation Assumption of security
A

Ainsworth assumed seperation anxiety showed security when it could mean something else to other cultures

51
Q

Strange Situation - intra cultural difference

A

Different parenting styles will be found in different societal classes

52
Q

Strange Situations Korea and USA similarities

A

despite having different child rearing practices they predominantly lead to secure attachment

53
Q

Strange Situation - Germany Impersonal Distance

A

Germans are an individualistic culture and celebrate independence and therefore dont engage with proximity

54
Q

PDD meaning

A

Protest
Despair
Detachment

Psychology Paper One (4 decks)

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