Psychopathology

Question 1

ABC Model

Answer 1

Ellis’ explanation for how irrational thoughts affect behaviour
A- activating event
B- beliefs
C- consequences

Question 2

Catastrophising

Answer 2

Cognitive error where you exaggerate a minor setback and turn it into a major disaster

Question 3

CBT

Answer 3

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy - involves challenging and replacing irrational thoughts

Question 4

COMT Gene

Answer 4

Genes variation resulting in higher levels of dopamine and is common in OCD patients

Question 5

Counter conditioning

Answer 5

Learning a new response to the object/situation

Question 6

Deviation from mental health

Answer 6

not meeting criteria which suggest you are mentally healthy

Question 7

Deviation from social norms

Answer 7

Behaviour that deviates from social norms is one that is ver different from how we would expect people to behave

Question 8

Failure to function adequately

Answer 8

When a persons behaviour means they are unable to cope with the demands of everyday life

Question 9

Flooding

Answer 9

Behavioural treatment for a phobia which involves imagined exposure to the phobic object/situation without being able to escape

Question 10

Negative Triad

Answer 10

Three types of negative thinking (self, the world and the future) that Beck suggested occur automatically in people who are depressed

Question 11

Obsession

Answer 11

An idea or thought that continually preoccupies or intrudes on a person’s mind.

Question 12

Serotonin

Answer 12

Neurotransmitter which regulates mood - lower levels are associated with OCD

Question 13

Social norm

Answer 13

The rules of behavior that are considered acceptable in a group or society

Question 14

Statistical infrequency

Answer 14

A behaviour that is statistically infrequent does not happen very often

Question 15

Systematic desensitisation

Answer 15

A behaviour therapy designed to gradually reduce a phobia through the principle of classical conditioning

Question 16

Criteria for Failure to function

Answer 16

• Suffering
• Maladaptivness
• Unconventional behaviour
• Loss of control
• Irrationality
• Observer discomfort
• Violation of social norms

Question 17

+ Failure to function - focuses on what can be observed

Answer 17

—-

Question 18

• Failure to function - criteria for lack of comfort

Answer 18

who decided what makes someone comfortable or not (subjectivity)

Question 19

Criteria for ideal mental health

Answer 19

Self attitudes 
Self actualisation 
Autonomy 
Perception of reality 
Mastery of environment

Question 20

+ Deviation from mental health - positive approach

Answer 20

follows what is desirable rather than what isn’t

Question 21

• Deviation from mental health - hard to meet criteria

Answer 21

According to Maslow, self actualisation only occurs in exceptional people

Question 22

Deviation from social norms is…

Answer 22

following a social guideline to what is considered acceptable

Question 23

• Social norms - how can society decide what is acceptable

Answer 23

Homosexuality was deem unacceptable until the early 70s

Question 24

Behaviours - Phobia

Answer 24

Freezing

Fainting

Question 25

Emotions - Phobias

Answer 25

Anxiety

Embarrassment

Question 26

Cognitive Thought - Phobia

Answer 26

Avoidance

Distress

Question 27

Behaviour - Depression

Answer 27

Insomnia

Weight loss/gain

Question 28

Emotion - depression

Answer 28

Emptiness

Anger

Question 29

Thoughts - Depression

Answer 29

Suicidal

Poor concentration

Question 30

Behaviour - OCD

Answer 30

anxiety

repetition

Question 31

Emotion - OCD

Answer 31

distress

Question 32

Thoughts -OCD

Answer 32

Intrusive and irrational thoughts