Social Influence Flashcards
In Milgrams original study what was the level of obedience
68%
Two general explanations of obedience
Agentic shift
Legitimacy of authority
What is a dispositional variable
How people are disposed, taker personality
Why do people yield to a minority influence
Group membership
Consistency
The snowball effect
Having an internal locus of control
Minority is shown to have made sacrifices
What’s the authoritarian personality
State of mind or attitude characterised by belief in absolute obedience or submission to ones own authority
In types of conformity what is compliance
Occurs when individuals adjust their behaviour and opinions to those of a group to be accepted or avoid their disapproval
Their private behaviour and opinions will remain the same but their public behaviours and opinions will change
Once they have left the group their behaviour and opinions will revert back to normal
Smoking because everyone else does it
In types of conformity what is identification
Occurs when individuals adjust their behaviour and opinions to those of a group as they want to be a member
Their behaviour and opinions will change public and privately whisky they desire to be part of that group
Once they have left the group permanently they will adopt new behaviours and opinions
Fashion/ music taste
In types of conformity what is internalisation
Occurs when individuals genie,y adjust their views publicly and privately
Normally a permanent change and does not depend on a group membership
A change of religion
What is informative social influence
Changing your behaviour and opinions because of a desire to be right
Jenness
What is normative social influence
Changing your behaviours and opinions because of a desire to be liked
Asch
For evaluation what does GRAVES mean
G: generalisability R: reliability A: application V: validity E: ethics S: sample
What does GUT stand for
G: group size
U: unanimity
T: task difficulty
In ethical issues what does this acronym stand for
Peter Pan Cried When Charles Dickens Died
P: psychological harm P: physical harm C: confidentiality W: withdraw C: consent D: deception D: debrief
What is a locus of control
How much somebody believes they are in control of events in their own lives
In Milgrams repeated experiment in Bridgeport what was the percentage for obedience
47%
How many people went to 300v in the original Milgram study
100%
What does autonomously mean
In charge of your own actions and behaviour
What is the Agentic shift
When people are given orders they are more likely to carry them out if they can shift the blame onto the person who delivered the order
Obedience occurs when you move from working autonomously and shift to working as an agent for someone else
What is the Agentic state
You do not see yourself as responsible for your behaviour as the orders have come from somebody else
What is commitment
Must show their commitment to the cause by making a sacrifice of time, money or their freedom in order to convince people that their minority view is the right one
What is flexibility
If the minority is seen as dogmatic (inflexible) then people will not trust them and will not join them
What is group membership
If the message comes from a group you identify with as being a positive then it is more likely to be listened to
What is the snowball effect
Once the message has adopted followers through desire to be right, more followers will be picked up as the message becomes popular
More people will join through the desire to be liked
What is an internal locus of control
Majority of people tend to want to conform or obey as it makes life easy and helps them avoid conflict
Why do minority’s have to make sacrifices
If the minority shows they are prepared to give up something to prove that their point is correct
How does social change happen
Minority
Informational
Snowball effect
Majority
Normative
What is a situational variable
Changes that can be made to the environment to test their effects on obedience
Proximity
Location
Uniform
What is the legitimacy of authority
obedience only occurs when the person who is given the order is seen as a legitimate authority
If someone your own age told you to sit down would you
What is proximity
How close you are to the potential victim of your obedience
Milgram investigated by changing his experiment
Had to physically hold the learners hand on to the second Kolkata
Only 30% went to 450v
What is location
Links back to the legitimacy of authority
Originally dome at Yake, but when repeated it was in the office block in Bridgeport
Obedience dropped from 68% to 47%
What is uniform
Links back to legitimacy of authority
So,done wearing a uniform seems more legitimate than some,one not on a uniform
What is social support
People are less likely to conform or obey when they have someone who supports ten in that refusal to conform or obey
What is a F-scale questionnaire
30 questions assign different aspects of people’s personality and how authoritarian they are
What is a internal locus of control
They believe what happens to them is their fault
They believe they can control stressful situations and succeed in difficult ones
What is a external locus of control
Something that happens to them is largely the result of external factors such as luck or fate
They will face stressful situations with a more passive and pessimistic attitude
What are the three factors in regard to minority influence
Consistency
Commitment
Flexibility
What is consistency
The desire to be consistent, especially in attitudes amd beliefs
In Bickmans New York study what were the levels of obedience
14% milkman
19% civilian
38% security guard
In the Hofling nurses study what was the level of obedience
21/22 nurses
95%
What is the percentage of obedience in the Milgram research on the phone
20%
