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Psychology Unit 1 > Attachment > Flashcards

Attachment Flashcards

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1
Q

Define attachment

A

A close emotional bond between two people characterised by mutual affection

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2
Q

What’s indiscriminate attachment

A

2-7 months

Baby shows little difference in their response to a stranger compared to a familiar career

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3
Q

What’s the evolutionary theory (bowl by)

A

Nature: the desire to form attachments has evolved as it helps the infant to survive

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4
Q

What is the learning theory

A

Nurture: attachments are learned through interaction with caregivers who provide food, warmth and comfort

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5
Q

What is Bowlbys internal working models

A

Mental representations of the world and relationships which influence how we feel and behave
- our early attachments effect our later relationships

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6
Q

What do we mean by culture

A

The rules, beliefs moral values and customs that are common to certain groups of people

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7
Q

What is the definition for separation

A

Short term, temporary separation from an attachment figure

When a child is left with a babysitter or in a nursery

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8
Q

What is disruption of attachment

A

When an attachment has formed between the caregiver and the child- but the attachment has been broken either temporarily or on a more permanent basis

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9
Q

What is institutional care

A

Residential (24 hours) care in an orphanage children’s home or other unit with other children and paid members of staff

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10
Q

What is institutionalisation

A

The negative effects on children of being placed in an institution

These effects may be on the child’s cognitive, emotionally nap or social development

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11
Q

What is the definition of privation

A

When a child has been prevented from forming any kind of attachment in their early years

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12
Q

What is despair in MDH

A

Eventually the child stops struggling, not engaging with others, cannot be comforted by others

But child may show signs of comforting themselves- rocking or sucking their thumb

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13
Q

What is detachment in MDH

A

The child starts to respond to others but in a superficial or rather unemotional way

If the parent returns at this point they may not be responded to with any interest or may even be rejected

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14
Q

Define reciprocity and give an example

A

When babies and caregivers mutually respond to each other’s behaviour

If the baby cries the caregiver responds by picking the baby up and the baby repos do by stopping crying

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15
Q

What’s discriminate attachment

A

7-9 months

Baby shows a clear attachment to one or two people

Baby cries if separated from the person they are attached to

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16
Q

What’s multiple attachment

A

9+ months

Baby begins to show clear attachments to other people

87% attached to more than one person by 18 months

17
Q

What is the strange situation

A
  • child is alone with career. The career sits and the child is free to explore the toys in the room
  • career leaves the room
  • stranger comes into the room to interact with the child
  • stranger leaves the room
  • career returns
18
Q

In the strange situation what do secure children do

A
  • explore the room using the career as a safe base
  • shows moderate distress when the career leaves room
  • moderate stranger anxiety
  • on reunion they are easily comforted
19
Q

In the strange situation what do insecure-avoidant children do

A
  • explores with little interaction with career
  • little distress when career leaves the room
  • low stranger anxiety
  • does not notice career when they come back
20
Q

In the strange situation what does a insecure-resistant child do

A
  • does not explore the room
  • severe distress when career leaves the room
  • high stranger anxiety
  • hard to comfort in reunion
21
Q

What is classical conditioning

Learning theory

A

Occurs when a response that would occur naturally in response to a stimulus becomes associated with another stimulus

Takes place when a child is being fed because the child learns to associate the parent with the pleasure of being fed

Attachments formed as baby has positive feelings towards the mother

22
Q

What is operant conditioning

A
  • food satisfied a baby’s hunger and makes the baby feel comfortable again
  • food- primary reinforcer
  • persons who feeds the baby- secondary reinforcer
  • baby seeks out that person because they are rewarding
23
Q

Evaluate Bowlbys learning theory of attachment

A
  • food IPS not the primary reinforcer of attachment- Schaffer and Emerson
  • children were attached to someone who doesn’t feed them

The career is responsive and sensitive of the baby’s need so must play some role in the attachment development

24
Q

What is the maternal deprivation hypotheses

A

Disruption of attachment bond with the mother leads to serious permanent damage to emotional and intellectual development

25
Q

Negative effects of MDH

A

Emotional- depression- child lacks interest in what is going on around them

Personality problems- lack of guilt or remorse

2/3 of children whose father has been in prison often offend themselves

Intellectual problems- slower to learn to talk/ read

Relationship problems- poor peer relationships

Poor physical problems- stunted growth

26
Q

What is protest in MDH

A

When a child separated from their career they cry, scream, struggle and cling

27
Q

Define interactional synchrony and give an example

A

Detailed mimicry and mirroring between career and baby

The baby sticks their tongue out because the caregiver f
Does it first

28
Q

What’s pre-attachment

A

0-2 months

Baby shows little difference in thief response to humans compared to objects

Start to show a preference for human faces

29
Q

In Bowlbys monotropic theory of attachment what does the I stand for

A

Innately programmed

They are innately programmed to become attached because this enhances the baby’s chances of survival

Behaviour for this is crying, smiling grasping

Adults are innately programmed to respond to these attachments behaviour

30
Q

What does the c stand for

Iccm

A

The critical period

Formed in the first two and a half years of life

After this it will be hard for the child to form an attachment

31
Q

What is the other c

Iccm

A

Continuity hypothesis

Internal working models

A child who is securely attached will develop a positive view of themselves and more likely to believe that other people are trustworthy

32
Q

What does the m stand for

Iccm

A

Monotroy

One attachment is more important than all others
Bowlby argues that in order. To be healthy later in life a child should develop an early attachment to a female
Amy disruption will have negative consequences

33
Q

What is the continuity hypothesis

A
  • our type of attachment effects how we will raise our kids

Psychology Unit 1 (4 decks)

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