Memory Flashcards
What does reconstructive mean
We reconstruct an account of events which can be influenced by prior knowledge and expectations
What’s encoding in STM
Acoustically
What do we mean by the term cognitive
Internal mental processing
What does encoding mean
Converting information into a language/format the mind can understand and use
What is the duration of sensory stores
Very brief
0.25-2 seconds
What type of encoding is there for the sensory memory stores
Auditory
What’s the capacity in STM
7+_2
What’s the working memory model
Central executive
Visuospatial Episodic. Phonological
Sketch pad Buffer Loop
Inner ear and voice
Long term memory
What is retroactive interference
When new information interferes with old information
What are the Problems with this theory of forgetting
Interference theory
Only explains forgetting when there are two similar bits of information
Can’t remember who I sat next to in year six but there is no memory blocking that
What is retrieval cue failure
Information is still in the LTM but there aren’t enough cues to retrieve the information
Our memories can only be retrieved if we have cues or prompts to help retrieve them
What are the problems with retrieval cue failure theory
Research supporting this theory is highly artificial
Conducted on a small sample size- poor population validity
What is an eyewitness testimony
When an observer of a crimes recollection of events is used as evidence in a criminal trial
What are the three factors effecting reliability of EWT
1) anxiety
2) misleading information (misleading questions)
3) in proving EWT using the cognitive interview
Give an example of a leading question
What is the weight if the bigger person
In the cognitive interview what is CROP
C- recreate context- how did you feel what was the area like
R- report every detail- everything you can remember
O- recall the event in different orders- back to front
P- report from different perspectives/0- birds eye view
What’s the duration in STM
15-30 seconds
What is semantic memory (LTM)
Conscious
General knowledge about the world
The capital of France is Paris
What’s the capacity of the sensory stores
Very large amounts of information
What is episodic memory
Conscious
Specific personal events and their context
I broke my left arm twice when I was four
What’s the capacity in LTM
Large amount
What’s the duration in LTM
A lifetime
What type of encoding is their in LTM
Semantically
What are the strengths of the multi- store model
Supported by primary and recency effect
Supported by the case studies of HM and KF
Supported by Baddeleys encoding studies
What are the weaknesses of the multi store model of memory
Could be described as overly simple
KF had a good visual memory
HM could learn new skills like puzzles and mirror drawing
What is a theory
A set of ideas that aims to explain a particular phenomena
What is a model
A representation of that set of ideas
What is the multi- store model memory
Attention
Incoming —> sensory —> STM. —>. (Rehearsal) LTM
Stimuli. Stores.
What is the sensory stores
Holds incoming sensory information
What are the two theories for why we forget
Interference theory
Retrieval cue failure
What is the interference theory
We forget because new or old information affect our memory
Baddeley and Hitch (rugby union)
What is proactive interference
When old information interferes with new information
What is procedural memory
Unconscious
Performance of actions
Describing how to ride a bike
