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Psychology Unit 1 > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

What does reconstructive mean

A

We reconstruct an account of events which can be influenced by prior knowledge and expectations

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2
Q

What’s encoding in STM

A

Acoustically

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3
Q

What do we mean by the term cognitive

A

Internal mental processing

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4
Q

What does encoding mean

A

Converting information into a language/format the mind can understand and use

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5
Q

What is the duration of sensory stores

A

Very brief

0.25-2 seconds

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6
Q

What type of encoding is there for the sensory memory stores

A

Auditory

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7
Q

What’s the capacity in STM

A

7+_2

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8
Q

What’s the working memory model

A

Central executive

Visuospatial Episodic. Phonological
Sketch pad Buffer Loop
Inner ear and voice

                                              Long term memory
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9
Q

What is retroactive interference

A

When new information interferes with old information

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10
Q

What are the Problems with this theory of forgetting

Interference theory

A

Only explains forgetting when there are two similar bits of information

Can’t remember who I sat next to in year six but there is no memory blocking that

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11
Q

What is retrieval cue failure

A

Information is still in the LTM but there aren’t enough cues to retrieve the information

Our memories can only be retrieved if we have cues or prompts to help retrieve them

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12
Q

What are the problems with retrieval cue failure theory

A

Research supporting this theory is highly artificial

Conducted on a small sample size- poor population validity

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13
Q

What is an eyewitness testimony

A

When an observer of a crimes recollection of events is used as evidence in a criminal trial

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14
Q

What are the three factors effecting reliability of EWT

A

1) anxiety
2) misleading information (misleading questions)
3) in proving EWT using the cognitive interview

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15
Q

Give an example of a leading question

A

What is the weight if the bigger person

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16
Q

In the cognitive interview what is CROP

A

C- recreate context- how did you feel what was the area like

R- report every detail- everything you can remember

O- recall the event in different orders- back to front

P- report from different perspectives/0- birds eye view

17
Q

What’s the duration in STM

A

15-30 seconds

18
Q

What is semantic memory (LTM)

A

Conscious

General knowledge about the world

The capital of France is Paris

19
Q

What’s the capacity of the sensory stores

A

Very large amounts of information

20
Q

What is episodic memory

A

Conscious

Specific personal events and their context

I broke my left arm twice when I was four

21
Q

What’s the capacity in LTM

A

Large amount

22
Q

What’s the duration in LTM

A

A lifetime

23
Q

What type of encoding is their in LTM

A

Semantically

24
Q

What are the strengths of the multi- store model

A

Supported by primary and recency effect

Supported by the case studies of HM and KF

Supported by Baddeleys encoding studies

25
Q

What are the weaknesses of the multi store model of memory

A

Could be described as overly simple

KF had a good visual memory

HM could learn new skills like puzzles and mirror drawing

26
Q

What is a theory

A

A set of ideas that aims to explain a particular phenomena

27
Q

What is a model

A

A representation of that set of ideas

28
Q

What is the multi- store model memory

A

Attention
Incoming —> sensory —> STM. —>. (Rehearsal) LTM
Stimuli. Stores.

29
Q

What is the sensory stores

A

Holds incoming sensory information

30
Q

What are the two theories for why we forget

A

Interference theory

Retrieval cue failure

31
Q

What is the interference theory

A

We forget because new or old information affect our memory

Baddeley and Hitch (rugby union)

32
Q

What is proactive interference

A

When old information interferes with new information

33
Q

What is procedural memory

A

Unconscious

Performance of actions

Describing how to ride a bike

Psychology Unit 1 (4 decks)

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