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Psychology > Social Influence 2 > Flashcards

Social Influence 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an agentic state?

A

When a person carries out someone else’s instructions.

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2
Q

How does agentic state theory work?

A

People do not feel responsible for the actions they take.

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3
Q

Who devised agentic state theory?

A

Milgram.

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4
Q

What is an autonomic state?

A

When you make decisions for yourself and are aware your actions have consequences.

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5
Q

What is an agentic shift?

A

When you change into an agentic state.

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6
Q

What did Blass and Schmitt find in their study?

A

Students would blame the experimenter rather than the participant when shown a film of the Milgram study.

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7
Q

Who do you follow orders from?

A

People higher in the social hierarchy.

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8
Q

What is a weakness of agentic state?

A
  • Not everyone obeyed in the Milgram study, despite the agentic state.
  • Rank and Jacobson: only 2/18 nurses would give a drug overdose prescribed by doctor.
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9
Q

What event did Mandel research?

A

German Reserve Police Battalion shooting civilians in Poland, when they could do other duties if preferred.

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10
Q

Why does legitimate authority work?

A
  • Conditioned from childhood to obey.
  • They have the power to punish.
  • Uniform shows that they have this power.
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11
Q

What were the findings of the Bickman study?

A
  • 80% obeyed a confederate in a guard uniform.
  • 40% obeyed civilian clothing.
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12
Q

What are strengths of legitimacy of authority?

A
  • My Lai Massacre: Following orders.
  • Explains cultural differences (16% obey in Australia, 85% in Germany).
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13
Q

What are weaknesses of legitimacy of authority?

A
  • Can be used for destructive purposes.
  • Justifies war crimes.
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14
Q

What are authoritarian personality traits?

A
  • Servile to people of higher status.
  • Hostile to people of lower status.
  • Inflexible beliefs.
  • Conformist (follows the rules).
  • Dogmatic.
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15
Q

Who proposed Authoritarian Personality Theory?

A

Adorno.

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16
Q

How did Adorno measure people with an authoritarian personality?

A

High score on the F-scale linked to people with authoritarian personality.

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17
Q

What did Milgram and Elms find?

A

Follow up interview with people from the Milgram study, obedient people scored higher on the F-scale.

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18
Q

What did Altemeyer find about the F-scale?

A

People who scored higher on the F-scale were more likely to obey an order to shock themselves if they make a mistake on a questionnaire.

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19
Q

What is a weakness of authoritarian personality?

A
  • Limited explanation: Germans were very obedient but not all had high F-scale.
  • F scale questionnaires had questions worded in the same direction, making a high score easy to get.
  • Interview to find out about their life was done after finding the F scale, which lead to interviewer bias.
20
Q

How many guards resisted the pressure to be sadistic to the prisoners in the Zimbardo experiment?

A

2/3.

21
Q

What is social support?

A

Having an ally increases the confidence of someone to stand by their own view.

22
Q

What were the findings of Asch’s conformity with social support?

A

36% conformity normally; 5.5% with a correct confederate; 9% with an incorrect confederate.

23
Q

What were the findings of Milgram’s social support study?

A

65% obedience reduced to 10% with a disobedient confederate.

24
Q

What did Gamson et al. find in their study?

A

25/33 groups had a majority refuse to sign a consent form to use the film.

25
Q

What are strengths of social support?

A
  • Backing research (Asch).
  • Gamson et al had high ecological validity.
26
Q

What are weaknesses of social support?

A

Real groups are a lot larger.

27
Q

Who proposed locus of control?

A

Julian Rotter.

28
Q

What are external locus characteristics?

A

Believe their future is up to luck.

29
Q

What are internal locus characteristics?

A

Believe they are in control of their future, resist social influence, tend to be more intelligent and confident.

30
Q

What are strengths of locus of control?

A
  • Oliner and Oliner: People who rescued Jews from Nazis had more internal locus of control.
  • Holland repeated the Milgram experiment, 37% with internal did not continue, 23% with external did not continue.
31
Q

What are weaknesses of locus of control?

A
  • Over time, people have become more resistant to obedience, but have an external locus.
  • Lacks temporal validity.
32
Q

What affects the effectiveness of minority influence?

A
  • Consistency.
  • Commitment.
  • Flexibility.
33
Q

What did Moscovici’s study involve?

A
  • 172 females.
  • 36 slides with varying shades of blue.
  • State blue or green.
  • 2/6 were confederate.
  • When confederates always said green, 8.2% agreed (consistent).
  • When confederates said 24 green 12 blue, 1.25% agreed (inconsistent).
34
Q

What did Xie et al. find about minority influence?

A

10% minority needed to influence majority.

35
Q

What did Nemeth find in his study?

A
  • Agree on compensation for ski lift accident victims.
  • One minority group argued for low rates and did not change.
  • One minority group argued for low rates and compromised with a slightly higher rate.
  • Minority had a greater effect in condition 2.
36
Q

What did Martin et al. find about minority influence?

A

When participants listened to a minority group agree with a view, they were less likely to change their opinion later than if they listened to a majority group at first.

37
Q

What is a weakness of Moscovici’s study?

A

Had low ecological validity.

38
Q

How do environment/health campaigns use social influence?

A

Exploit NSI, by making people think everyone agrees with them.

39
Q

What is obedience on social influence?

A

When one person disobeys others are more likely to.

40
Q

What is the snowball effect?

A

As the minority group grows, the majority pays more attention leading to more growth and eventually the minority becomes the majority.

41
Q

What are the five stages of minority influence?

A

1) Drawing attention.
2) Showing consistency.
3) Majority has deeper processing.
4) Augmentation principle (if minority suffers they are taken more seriously).
5) Snowball effect.

42
Q

What happens after social change?

A

Social cryptoamnesia.

43
Q

What is social cryptoamnesia?

A

Where the majority forget the root cause of the social change, helping to maintain the change.

44
Q

What is an example of social change?

A

Civil rights in the US for black people.

45
Q

What are strengths of NSI in social change?

A
  • Nolan: hanging up signs to save energy, more effective when it said others were doing it too.
46
Q

What are weaknesses of social influence in social change?

A
  • Minority influence is usually indirect and delayed.
  • Minority groups have negative stereotypes which need to go.

Psychology (8 decks)

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