Social influence Flashcards
How much were Milgrams participants paid?
$4.50
What was the gender and age of participants in Milgrams study?
American men (aged 20-50)
How were Milgrams participants recruited?
Through news paper article
What did Milgrams actual research consist of?
Learner was stapped to a chair and wired with electrodes. The teacher (participant) was given small shock to experience it. L had to remember pairs of words. Each time L made an error T had to deliver a shock which increased up until 450V starting at 15V. When T reached 300V L pounded wall and cried out. At 315V the L did the same but was quiet for the rest. Examinator was in the room giving instructions to T and urging T on with 4 prods.
What were the 4 prods in Milgrams research?
1 - please continue
2 - experiment requires you to continue
3 - essential that you continue
4 - you have no other choice, proceed
Were the electric shocks real or fake in Milgrams research?
Fake
What is a confederate?
A person acting as a participant but knows and understands the true purpose of a study
What was Milgram’s baseline used to test?
Obedience
How many American men participated in Milgram’s study?
40
How was it decided who would be the teacher and learner in Milgram’s studies?
Drew lots but it was always rigged so participant would always get teacher
What was the experimenter (E) dressed in in Milgram’s baseline?
Grey lab coat
What were Milgram’s baseline findings(quantitative)?
12.5% of participants stopped at 300V
65% continued to 450V
What were Milgram’s baseline findings(qualitative)?
Participants showed signs of extreme tension, sweating, trembling, stutter, bite lip, groan and dig nails into hand
3 had full blown uncontrollable seizures
Who was asked to predict the behaviour in Milgrams research?
14 psychology students who expected no more than 3% to continue to 450V
What was the response to the follow up survey to Milgram’s research?
84% said they are happy they participated
Were all the participants debriefed after Milgram’s baseline?
Yes
What were the Conclusions on Milgram’s research?
Concluded German people were no different. He suspected there were certain factors in situation that encourages obedience, so he decided to conduct the variations
What are the three types of conformity?
compliance
Internalisation
Identification
What is compliance?
‘going along with others’ in public but not changing privately or any personal opinions
Only a superficial change
Behaviour often stops once group pressure stops
What is identification?
conforming if there is something about the group we value so we want to be apart of it
means we may have public change but not privately as you may still disagree with some of the values
What is internalisation?
person genuinely accepts group norms, result in private and public change.
Sees change even in absence of group members
Usually permanent
What is ISI?
The cognitive behaviour process because it is to do with how you think, Most likely to happen in situation where person is new or some ambiguity.
About who has the better information you or the rest of the group
Need to be right
What is NSI?
what is regarded as normal for a social group. An emotional rather than cognitive process. Leads to temporary changes and opinion/behaviour (compliance).
Likely to occur in situations with strangers due to fear of being rejected, more pronounced in stressful situations
social approval
Who came up with the idea of NSI and ISI?
Morton Deutsch and Harold Gerald (1955)
Two part theory