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psyhcology > social influence > Flashcards

social influence Flashcards

1
Q

what are the situational factors (bystander)?

A

-diffusion of responsibility
-noticing the event
-pluralistic ignorance
-cost of helping

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2
Q

what is the definition of bystander effect?

A

when we fail to help someone in need because we believe someone else will help instead

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3
Q

what is the definition of situational factors (bystander)?

A

features of a situation that influence whether r not we intervene in an emergency

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4
Q

what is diffusion of responsibility?

A

when we believe others will help so we dont have to feel less responsible

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5
Q

what is noticing the event?

A

when we are in a group or a crowded place, we take less of our surroundings so we are slower to react to emergencies

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6
Q

what is pluralistic ignorance?

A

when we interpret the situation according to others reaction

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7
Q

what is cost of helping?

A

-we are less likely to help of the cost of intervening is too high
-we may only help to avoid the cost of feeling guilty if we dont intervene

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8
Q

what is the definition of personality factors (bystander)?

A

features of an individual (traits) that influence how likely they are to intervene in an emergency

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9
Q

what are the personality factors (bystander)?

A

-competence
-mood
-similarity

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10
Q

what is competence?

A

feeling like you have the ability, knowledge, or skill to do something successfully

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11
Q

what is mood?

A

:) -> we are more likely to help
:( -> we are less likely to help

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12
Q

what is similarity?

A

if we perceive our self as similar to a person in need we are more likely to help them

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13
Q

what is comformity?

A

its a form of social influence. It occurs when a persons behavior or thinking changes due to peer pressure

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14
Q

what % of the participants conformed at least once? (Asch’s line study)

A

75%

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15
Q

what % of the participants never gave a wrong answer? (Asch’s line study)

A

25%

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16
Q

what is the definition of situation factors (conformity)?

A

feature from your surroundings (other people)

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17
Q

what are the situational factors (conformity)

A

-group size
-task difficulty
-anonymity

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18
Q

what is group size?

A

as group size increases to 7%, conformity increases but as group size continues to increase, conformity decreases

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19
Q

what is anonymity?

A

by giving an answer that is not announce to the crowed, less likely to conform

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20
Q

what is task difficulty?

A

if the task is harder you feel less confident in your own answer and more likely to conform

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21
Q

what is the definition of personality factors (conformity)?

A

Features within your self (personality)

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22
Q

what are the personality factors (conformity)

A

-locus of control
-expertise

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23
Q

What is locus of control?

A

Where your control or your choice’s lie. More likely to confirm

24
Q

What is expertise?

A

-If your are an expert at a given task, less likely to conform
-If u lack expertise, more likely to confirm

25
Q

What is obedience?

A

When we comply with orders given from a legitimate authority figure

26
Q

What is blind obedience?

A

When we comply with orders given by authority figure

27
Q

What was the aim of the Stanford prison experiment?

A

-Haney, banks and Zimbardo wanted to Create a simulated prison to see what behaviour resulted when “normal” people were assigned the roles of “guards” and “prisoners”
-they wanted to look at any changes in emotions, mood, interactions, coping skills and attitude towards oneself and others

28
Q

What was the procedure of the Stanford prison experiment? (Sample)

A

Sample:
-75 people responded to an advert in a newspaper
-24 “normal healthy males” were selected following interviews and assessments
-they were paid $15 a day

29
Q

What was the procedure of the Stanford prison experiment? (To begin)

A

Beginning:
-22 took part, 2 were kept on standby in case a participant dropped out before the study began
-participants were randomly assigned roles of guards and prisoners

30
Q

How much were the participants paid in the Stanford prison experiment?

A

$15 a day

31
Q

What were the guards allowed to do in the Stanford prison experiment?

A

Go home in between shifts and live a normal life

32
Q

What uniforms were the guards given in the Stanford prison experiment?

A

-military style clothing
-sunglasses
-batons

33
Q

What were the guards told they need to do in the Stanford prison experiment?

A

-“maintain the functioning” of the prison but this was not elaborated upon
-they believed the purpose of the study was to observe the prisoner behaviour

34
Q

What uniforms were the prisoners given in the Stanford prison experiment?

A

-plain smock
-ID number
-chain in one ankle
-no underwear

35
Q

Why were the prisoners given that uniform in the Stanford prison experiment?

A

To deindividuate and humiliate them

35
Q

What is deindividuation?

A

A loss of personal identity and self awareness

35
Q

What were the rules in the Stanford prison experiment?

A

-3 supervised toilet breaks
-2 visits per weak
-3 meals per day
-scheduled exercise and movie times
-lining up to be counted 3 times a day
-testing on their knowledge of the rules and their ID number

36
Q

How many days did the Stanford prison experiment last before terminated?

A

6 days- 8 days earlier than scheduled

37
Q

Where were the prisoners arrested?

A

Place of residence

38
Q

How were the prisoners arrested?

A

Charged, searched, handcuffed and taken away in a police car

39
Q

What did the prisoners do at the police station?

A

Blindfolded and taken to the simulated prison

40
Q

What happened to the prisoners at the prison?

A

They were strip searched, sprayed with a deli using spray and made to stand alone and naked before being given their uniform to wear

41
Q

What is deception?

A

Misleading or lying to participants

42
Q

What is right to withdraw?

A

Allowing the participants to leave whenever they like

43
Q

What is protection of participants?

A

Safe guarding participants agains physical and psychological harm

44
Q

What are some strengths of the Stanford prison experiment

A

-realism, the set up was highly realistic
-insights into human behaviour
-ethical reforms
-educational impact

45
Q

What are some weaknesses of the Stanford prison experiment

A

-ethical issues
-researcher bias
-lack of scientific rigor
-lacks generalisability
-demand characteristics

46
Q

what is conformity?

A

Changing our thoughts/behavior to fit into our social group

47
Q

what are 2 personality factors that affect conformity?

A

Locus of control and expertise

48
Q

what did Milgram find regarding F-scores and obedience?

A

20/40 participants who obeyed had higher F-Scale scores showing an Authoritarian personality.

49
Q

two features of authoritarian personality

A

-Respects authority figures
-right-wing politics
-aggressive to those inferior

50
Q

Give an example of how legitimacy of the context can have an effect on obedience.

A

When Milgram repeated the study in a rundown building, obedience dropped to 47.5%

51
Q

Which situational factor is this: When the experimenter gave verbal prods over the telephone, obedience dropped to 20.5%.

A

Proximity to the authority figure.

52
Q

If you have an external locus of control, are you more or less likely to obey?

A

More likely to obey

53
Q
A

psyhcology (15 decks)

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