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social influence Flashcards

1
Q

social influence

A

the process by which our thoughts, feelings and behaviours are influenced by pother people

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2
Q

conformity

A

changing what we do, think or say in response to real or imagined group pressure

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3
Q

sherif 1936

A

argued that people use the behaviours of others to decide what to do

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4
Q

research into conformity

A
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5
Q

factors why people conform

A

group size
anonymity
task difficulty

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6
Q

dispositional factors

A

personality:locus of control

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7
Q

Internal LOC

A

they feel they are in control of their own behaviours
e.g. if they got a Job after an interview it is bc they were well prepped and had all the skills relevant for the job

less likely to be influenced by others

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8
Q

external LOC

A

believe they do not have control over their behaviour

e.g.they believe they were successful at a job interview bc the interviewer wasn’t in a good mood or they were lucky with the questions they were asked

more likely to conform with other people bc they are much more influenced by the behaviour of other people

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9
Q

research:LOC

A

burger and Cooper
showed participants series of cartoons and asked to rate in terms of funniest

participants with an external LOC were more likely to agree with confederates

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10
Q

evaluation of burger and cooper

A

research suggests that LOC does not seem to affect conformity in similar situations

suggest that dispositional factors are not the only factors tor that influences conformity

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11
Q

expertise

A

out own skill set

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12
Q

expertise research

A

Lucas et al found that people who are good art maths had more of an intrnal LOC

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13
Q

Obedience

A

Milgrams agency theory

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14
Q

people act on two levels

A

autonomous
agent

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15
Q

autonomous

A

Behaving voluntary and willing to take responsibility for their actions

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16
Q

agent

A

believe that they are acting on the behalf of others

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17
Q

agenctic shift

A

moving from autonomous state to an agencntic stage and vice versa

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18
Q

culture

A

belief and expectations of our society

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19
Q

milgrams study

A

participants told to delivery shocks from teacher
teacher not in same rooms-40%
teacher in the room 30%

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20
Q

strength of milligrams variations

A

blass and shmitt showed a film of milligrams study to students and asked which one was responsible for the harm tom the learner

found that students blames the experimenter rather than the participant and indicated it was due to legitimate authority

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21
Q

weakness of milligrams study

A

other research shows that the behaviour of nazis cant be explained in terms of authority and agency theory
Mandell

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22
Q

authoritarian personality

A

Adorno et al
authoritarian personality which makes them obedient nd prejudiced

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23
Q

why are they som obedient

A

adorno et al claimed that these individuals were treated harshly as children causing them to feel hostile

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24
Q

scapegoating

A

participants hostility is unconscious , they act submissively towards authority figures and displace their hostility on to minority groups in there form of prejudice

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25
f-scale
adorno et al devised a questionnaire known a the facism scale which measures characteristics obedience +respect for authority are the most important + virtues children should learn and opposite for the other end participants told to rate from 1-6 They found a positive correlation between authority personality and obedience towards with authority figures, this suggests that people with autorian personalities are likely to show higher levels of obedience
26
evaluation of adorno
strength milgram + elms carried out a study with milgrams participants -took 20 obedient participants (who carried out the final shock level) and 20 defiant participants each participant completed the f-scale and sign nificxant differences between defiant and obedient participants weakness flawed questionnaire anyone who answered yes would end up with a higher authoritarian scale, response bias this challenges this theory bc it is based on poor evidence cant explain all obedience, nazis
27
pilivain subway study
drunk condition-50 % elderly- 95% victim stood at a pole and after 70 seconds they collapsed
28
prosocial behaviour
acting in a way that is beneficial to people
29
bystander apathy
when a person does nothing when someone needs help
30
bystander effect
social factors that explain it -presence of others -cost of helping more people=less likely to help
31
cost of helping
possible danger to yourself the effort that has to be made time it may take possible embarrassment
32
cost of not helping
guilt blame from others leaving someone in need of help
33
weakness of cost of helping
not actually just one social factor influences prosocial behaviour
34
Levine study
man united shirt results we are more likely to help when we have something in common weakness:in studies looked at their was no similarities to the victim at all
35
expertise
cramer et al participants to sit in a corridor, someone fell off ladder found that nurses were more likely too help weakness espertise is more important in deterring the quality of help shotland +heinold compared to people who had received Red Cross training and those who not. Found both equally likely to help but quality of help differed
36
social loafing
putting in less effort into doing something when you are with others
37
deindividuation
reduces personal identity when we are in a group so no one needs to work as hard bc no one will know what the other peoples contribution is
38
ringleman
asked participants to pull rope individually and with a group found ppl pulled harder when pulling the rope on their own this is bc of social loafing and motivation losses
39
Latan et al
40
social facilitation
41
individualistic cultures
focused on individual needs decisions based on what is best fro you USA or Uk
42
collectivist cultures
focused what is best fro the group CHINA or Korea
43
earley
tested wether cultural differences in social loafing. participants from thin or usa hd to complete task. found American spit more effort in when they were identifiable weakness not always possible to generalise
44
personality
one study looked at whistle blowing participants reported to see if they would report unethical research -people who spoke out had very similar characteristic scores to those who didn't whistle blow this suggests personality isn't a strong explanation fro collective behaviour
45
morality
some people have stronger mental compass than others people are less affected by the social norms if they have a strong collective behaviour
46
milgrams study in morality
professor refused to do more than 150 volts as he believed it went against his morals
47
2 social factors affecting bystander behaviour
presence of cost of helping
48
2 dispositional factors affecting bystander behaviour3 factors that make people less likely to show social loafing
smaller groups
49
deindividuation
when people lose their sense of identity
50
individuality
who we are, personality, morals
51
2 dispositional factors that affect collective behaviour
personality and morality
52
Piaget language on thought
thought before language
53
s+weakness of Piaget language about thought
s-early development isn't random children already have some underatsnding w-saphir whole
54
Sapir wharf on thought
language before thought
55
s+weakness of Sapir wharf
s- research snow 27 w-just bc one group has more words doesn't mean words came first
56
4 main reasons why animals communicate
survival reproduction territory food
57
example of an animal using communication for survival
vervet monkeys
58
2 design features of language
productivity displacement
59
3 functions of eye contact
regulating flow of convo signalling attraction express emotion
60
how does the amount of touch acceptrable in different countries
British society more restricted than those in western countries
61
3 things that affect personal space
gender status cultural norms
62
what are serviceable habits
behaviours adaptive to our distant ancestors eg wringing of nose and baring teeth
63
what is CNS
included in the brain and spinal cord. spinal cord transfers into and from peripheral nervous system and also part of there reflex arc
64
what is the peripheral nervous system
transmits info to and from the brain to the body made rum of somatic and autonomic nervous system
65

agency theory (6 decks)

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