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agency theory > social influence > Flashcards

social influence Flashcards

1
Q

social influence

A

the process by which our thoughts, feelings and behaviours are influenced by pother people

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2
Q

conformity

A

changing what we do, think or say in response to real or imagined group pressure

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3
Q

sherif 1936

A

argued that people use the behaviours of others to decide what to do

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4
Q

research into conformity

A
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5
Q

factors why people conform

A

group size
anonymity
task difficulty

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6
Q

dispositional factors

A

personality:locus of control

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7
Q

Internal LOC

A

they feel they are in control of their own behaviours
e.g. if they got a Job after an interview it is bc they were well prepped and had all the skills relevant for the job

less likely to be influenced by others

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8
Q

external LOC

A

believe they do not have control over their behaviour

e.g.they believe they were successful at a job interview bc the interviewer wasn’t in a good mood or they were lucky with the questions they were asked

more likely to conform with other people bc they are much more influenced by the behaviour of other people

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9
Q

research:LOC

A

burger and Cooper
showed participants series of cartoons and asked to rate in terms of funniest

participants with an external LOC were more likely to agree with confederates

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10
Q

evaluation of burger and cooper

A

research suggests that LOC does not seem to affect conformity in similar situations

suggest that dispositional factors are not the only factors tor that influences conformity

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11
Q

expertise

A

out own skill set

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12
Q

expertise research

A

Lucas et al found that people who are good art maths had more of an intrnal LOC

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13
Q

Obedience

A

Milgrams agency theory

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14
Q

people act on two levels

A

autonomous
agent

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15
Q

autonomous

A

Behaving voluntary and willing to take responsibility for their actions

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16
Q

agent

A

believe that they are acting on the behalf of others

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17
Q

agenctic shift

A

moving from autonomous state to an agencntic stage and vice versa

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18
Q

culture

A

belief and expectations of our society

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19
Q

milgrams study

A

participants told to delivery shocks from teacher
teacher not in same rooms-40%
teacher in the room 30%

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20
Q

strength of milligrams variations

A

blass and shmitt showed a film of milligrams study to students and asked which one was responsible for the harm tom the learner

found that students blames the experimenter rather than the participant and indicated it was due to legitimate authority

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21
Q

weakness of milligrams study

A

other research shows that the behaviour of nazis cant be explained in terms of authority and agency theory
Mandell

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22
Q

authoritarian personality

A

Adorno et al
authoritarian personality which makes them obedient nd prejudiced

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23
Q

why are they som obedient

A

adorno et al claimed that these individuals were treated harshly as children causing them to feel hostile

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24
Q

scapegoating

A

participants hostility is unconscious , they act submissively towards authority figures and displace their hostility on to minority groups in there form of prejudice

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25
Q

f-scale

A

adorno et al devised a questionnaire known a the facism scale which measures characteristics

obedience +respect for authority are the most important + virtues children should learn and opposite for the other end
participants told to rate from 1-6

They found a positive correlation between authority personality and obedience towards with authority figures, this suggests that people with autorian personalities are likely to show higher levels of obedience

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26
Q

evaluation of adorno

A

strength
milgram + elms carried out a study with milgrams participants
-took 20 obedient participants (who carried out the final shock level) and 20 defiant participants

each participant completed the f-scale and sign nificxant differences between defiant and obedient participants

weakness
flawed questionnaire anyone who answered yes would end up with a higher authoritarian scale, response bias
this challenges this theory bc it is based on poor evidence
cant explain all obedience, nazis

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27
Q

pilivain subway study

A

drunk condition-50 %
elderly- 95%

victim stood at a pole and after 70 seconds they collapsed

28
Q

prosocial behaviour

A

acting in a way that is beneficial to people

29
Q

bystander apathy

A

when a person does nothing when someone needs help

30
Q

bystander effect

A

social factors that explain it
-presence of others
-cost of helping

more people=less likely to help

31
Q

cost of helping

A

possible danger to yourself
the effort that has to be made
time it may take
possible embarrassment

32
Q

cost of not helping

A

guilt
blame from others
leaving someone in need of help

33
Q

weakness of cost of helping

A

not actually just one social factor influences prosocial behaviour

34
Q

Levine study

A

man united shirt

results we are more likely to help when we have something in common

weakness:in studies looked at their was no similarities to the victim at all

35
Q

expertise

A

cramer et al
participants to sit in a corridor, someone fell off ladder
found that nurses were more likely too help

weakness
espertise is more important in deterring the quality of help
shotland +heinold compared to people who had received Red Cross training and those who not. Found both equally likely to help but quality of help differed

36
Q

social loafing

A

putting in less effort into doing something when you are with others

37
Q

deindividuation

A

reduces personal identity when we are in a group so no one needs to work as hard bc no one will know what the other peoples contribution is

38
Q

ringleman

A

asked participants to pull rope individually and with a group

found ppl pulled harder when pulling the rope on their own

this is bc of social loafing and motivation losses

39
Q

Latan et al

A
40
Q

social facilitation

A
41
Q

individualistic cultures

A

focused on individual needs
decisions based on what is best fro you
USA or Uk

42
Q

collectivist cultures

A

focused what is best fro the group
CHINA or Korea

43
Q

earley

A

tested wether cultural differences in social loafing.
participants from thin or usa hd to complete task.
found American spit more effort in when they were identifiable

weakness
not always possible to generalise

44
Q

personality

A

one study looked at whistle blowing
participants reported to see if they would report unethical research

-people who spoke out had very similar characteristic scores to those who didn’t whistle blow
this suggests personality isn’t a strong explanation fro collective behaviour

45
Q

morality

A

some people have stronger mental compass than others
people are less affected by the social norms if they have a strong collective behaviour

46
Q

milgrams study in morality

A

professor refused to do more than 150 volts as he believed it went against his morals

47
Q

2 social factors affecting bystander behaviour

A

presence of
cost of helping

48
Q

2 dispositional factors affecting bystander behaviour3 factors that make people less likely to show social loafing

A

smaller groups

49
Q

deindividuation

A

when people lose their sense of identity

50
Q

individuality

A

who we are, personality, morals

51
Q

2 dispositional factors that affect collective behaviour

A

personality and morality

52
Q

Piaget language on thought

A

thought before language

53
Q

s+weakness of Piaget language about thought

A

s-early development isn’t random
children already have some underatsnding

w-saphir whole

54
Q

Sapir wharf on thought

A

language before thought

55
Q

s+weakness of Sapir wharf

A

s- research snow 27
w-just bc one group has more words doesn’t mean words came first

56
Q

4 main reasons why animals communicate

A

survival
reproduction
territory
food

57
Q

example of an animal using communication for survival

A

vervet monkeys

58
Q

2 design features of language

A

productivity
displacement

59
Q

3 functions of eye contact

A

regulating flow of convo
signalling attraction
express emotion

60
Q

how does the amount of touch acceptrable in different countries

A

British society more restricted than those in western countries

61
Q

3 things that affect personal space

A

gender status cultural norms

62
Q

what are serviceable habits

A

behaviours adaptive to our distant ancestors
eg wringing of nose and baring teeth

63
Q

what is CNS

A

included in the brain and spinal cord. spinal cord transfers into and from peripheral nervous system and also part of there reflex arc

64
Q

what is the peripheral nervous system

A

transmits info to and from the brain to the body
made rum of somatic and autonomic nervous system

65
Q
A

agency theory (6 decks)

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