MOCK memory Flashcards
reconstructivist theory
Bartlett -memory is an active process, we change our memories to fit in with what we already know even tho we think we remember exactly what happened.
store fragments then recall fragments and build into a meaningful whole. Remember meaning of events rather than specific details - this is after meaning
Reconstructivst theory of war of the ghost
showed 20 students American ghost story which had unusual features that were specific to that culture and unfamiliar to the students
students changed the story to make more consistent with own culture
remembering is an active process and information is retrieved and changed to fit prior knowledge
evaluate reconstructivist theory
lacks control-participants not given clear instructions about what they should do before taking part.
No standardisation about when and how people recall information
encoding meaning
taking in information into memory and change it into a form that can be stored
semantic encoding
changing written/visual image to a memory of what the words mean
encoding
STM-acoustic
LTM-semantic
S+W of multistage model
S-provides a testable model for researchers to gather evidence
Evidence to support the STM and LTM are separate stores
W-most of researchers is lab based so lacks realism
High internal validity but lack external validity
Stores have seperate parts. STM is separated into acoustic and visual. LTM episodic, semantic and procedural memory
serial position in recall
Murdocks serial position curve study
evaluation of Murdocks serial position curve study
high internal validity- high level of control bc lab based study
Murdock confident that the change to the iv is responsible for the probability of it being recalled
Artificial task-task does not represent the normal everyday function of our memory. making lists only one way we utilise our memory
uselfulness fairly limited and the findings cannot be generalised beyond the artificial task
MSM
3 separate stores
sensory-STM through attention]
STM-duration:18-30secs
capacity:5-9
LTM-duration:unlimited
capacity:unlimited
LTM-STM=RECALL
Interference
proactive-previously learnt information has interferences with new information you are trying tom store
retroactive: a new memory interferes with the old information you are trying to recall
2 explanations of forgetting
interference
retrieval
context depending forgetting
memory recall is dependent on external cues e.g.place,weather increases when those cues are present
accuracy of memory study
golden and Bradley
18 divers learned lists of spoken words on dry land and underwater
-after 4 minutes asked to recall words on original learning and alternate environment
lists were recalled significantly better underwater
evaluation of accuracy of memory
standardisation-all people experienced the same controls
la ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;high number of words were still not recalled even when in the same learning enviornment. this suggests there must be other explanations for forgetting other than cues
two types of binocular depth cues
convergence-both eyes rotate inwards to focus on an object
retinal disparity-the fact that the left eye and right eye produce slightly different images when focusing on an object
affordances
we automatically know what to do when we something we don’t know what it is
Gregorys constructivist theory
sensation provides an ambiguous and incomplete information about the environment
use past to interpret the world around us
perception develops nurture not nature
