perception

Question 1

perception theories

Answer 1

Gibsons direct theory of perception

Gergories constructivist theory

Question 2

s+w of gregories constructivist theory

Answer 2

seagull muller flyer to non western participants show interpretation is from experience. Explain visual illusions- perceptual hypotheses

Babies are born with perceptual abilities
visual cliff experiment
Fantz face study

Question 3

Gibsons direct theory of perception

Answer 3

perception happens directly
born with perceptual abilities
optic array provides all information we need
-no learning needed

Question 4

S+W of Gibsons direct theory of perception

Answer 4

s- WW2 pilots- high ecological value (all pilots need to land planes was in the pattern of light entering the eye)

W-doesnt explain visual illusions

Question 5

example of size constancy

Answer 5

Ponzo illusion

Question 6

size constancy

Answer 6

Perception of an object having a fixed size, even when changing shape

Question 7

Factors that cause visual illusions

Answer 7

-size constancy
-misinterpretted depth cues
-ambiguity

Question 8

example of misinterpreted depth cues

Answer 8

-The ponzo illusions
-The luller-lyer illusions
-The Ames room

Question 9

The examples of ambiguity

Answer 9

-Rubins vase
-duck rabbit
-woman and young old woman
-the necker cube

Question 10

sensation

Answer 10

sense organs are stimulated

Question 11

perception

Answer 11

brains interpretation of the combination of information received of the sense organs and the sensory information

Question 12

Ambiguity

Answer 12

Two interpretations of the same image

Question 13

How do we receive information

Answer 13

information formed at retina
sent to the brain by optic nerve

Question 14

retinal disparity

Answer 14

amount of difference between images produced on gore retina of each eye gives the information about distance

Question 15

visual cues

Answer 15

signals from visual environment that tell us about the depth, distance, where things are in relation to each other

Question 16

Gregories constructivist theory

Answer 16

sensation provides and ambiguous and incomplete information about the enviornment
we use past experiences to interpret the world around us

Question 17

Visual constancies

Answer 17

skill allows you to see the same even though we see them at different angles

Question 18

misinterpreted depth cues

Answer 18

when our brain perceives distance that is not actually there

Question 19

convergence

Answer 19

both eyes rotate inward to focus on an object to determine how far away it is

Question 20

Linear perspective

Answer 20

straight lines that are parrallel appear to be pointing towards a single point to the horizon
vanishing point

Question 21

occlusion

Answer 21

objects that are behind or hidden are perceived to be further away

Question 22

relative size

Answer 22

objects that appear smaller objects of a similar size are seen as being further away

Question 22

height in plane

Answer 22

objects closer tp the horizon are seen as more distant

Question 23

perceptual set

Answer 23

how are brains are biases to receive sensory information in a particular way
certain aspects of sensory information are selected and focused on while others are ignored

Question 24

Factors that influence set

Answer 24

culture
emotion
motivation
expectation

Question 25

what is culture

Answer 25

the beliefs and expectations that surround us

Question 26

Hudson study

Answer 26

showed white westerners+black South Africans picture of a man hunting antelope + elephant

black participants saw man hunting elephant
white participants see man hunting antelope

findings suggest that people from different cultures interpret information in pictures differently

Question 27

strength of Hudson study

Answer 27

children drawing off elephant

westrern child- 2D version of elephant

tribal child-3D Birds Eye view

Question 28

weakness of Hudson study

Answer 28

language barriers