perception Flashcards
perception theories
Gibsons direct theory of perception
Gergories constructivist theory
s+w of gregories constructivist theory
seagull muller flyer to non western participants show interpretation is from experience. Explain visual illusions- perceptual hypotheses
Babies are born with perceptual abilities
visual cliff experiment
Fantz face study
Gibsons direct theory of perception
perception happens directly
born with perceptual abilities
optic array provides all information we need
-no learning needed
S+W of Gibsons direct theory of perception
s- WW2 pilots- high ecological value (all pilots need to land planes was in the pattern of light entering the eye)
W-doesnt explain visual illusions
example of size constancy
Ponzo illusion
size constancy
Perception of an object having a fixed size, even when changing shape
Factors that cause visual illusions
-size constancy
-misinterpretted depth cues
-ambiguity
example of misinterpreted depth cues
-The ponzo illusions
-The luller-lyer illusions
-The Ames room
The examples of ambiguity
-Rubins vase
-duck rabbit
-woman and young old woman
-the necker cube
sensation
sense organs are stimulated
perception
brains interpretation of the combination of information received of the sense organs and the sensory information
Ambiguity
Two interpretations of the same image
How do we receive information
information formed at retina
sent to the brain by optic nerve
retinal disparity
amount of difference between images produced on gore retina of each eye gives the information about distance
visual cues
signals from visual environment that tell us about the depth, distance, where things are in relation to each other
Gregories constructivist theory
sensation provides and ambiguous and incomplete information about the enviornment
we use past experiences to interpret the world around us
Visual constancies
skill allows you to see the same even though we see them at different angles
misinterpreted depth cues
when our brain perceives distance that is not actually there
convergence
both eyes rotate inward to focus on an object to determine how far away it is
Linear perspective
straight lines that are parrallel appear to be pointing towards a single point to the horizon
vanishing point
occlusion
objects that are behind or hidden are perceived to be further away
relative size
objects that appear smaller objects of a similar size are seen as being further away
height in plane
objects closer tp the horizon are seen as more distant
perceptual set
how are brains are biases to receive sensory information in a particular way
certain aspects of sensory information are selected and focused on while others are ignored
Factors that influence set
culture
emotion
motivation
expectation
what is culture
the beliefs and expectations that surround us
Hudson study
showed white westerners+black South Africans picture of a man hunting antelope + elephant
black participants saw man hunting elephant
white participants see man hunting antelope
findings suggest that people from different cultures interpret information in pictures differently
strength of Hudson study
children drawing off elephant
westrern child- 2D version of elephant
tribal child-3D Birds Eye view
weakness of Hudson study
language barriers
