social identity and change Flashcards
structuration
a theory of society invented by Giddens which argues that human behaviour is caused by a combination of structure and agency
sampling frame
a list of people who might take part in a sociological study
subculture
a culture within a broader mainstream culture, with its own separate values, practices and beliefs
social class
a socio-economic status and identity which is hierarchcially organised on the basis of occupation, wealth, income and life chances
social stratification
a system of social ranking, usually based on wealth, income, race, education and power
satipatthana
a Buddhist concept that stresses mindfulness or awareness of others
caste system
a religious and ascribed system of stratification mainly found in India and Indian communities abroad that categorises people into five status groups, which determine their occupation and the Hindu concept of religious purity
Jati
the caste system
Dalit
the non-caste of ‘untouchables’ who occupy the lowest rung of the Indian caste system and who do the dirties jobs
middle class
those occupations that require a professional qualification or who manage capitalism on behalf of the capitalist class. This group tends to be highly rewarded in terms of income and status
unskilled class/underclass
the lowest social stratum or status group found in a society consisting of unskilled, low-paid and possibly unemployed and welfare-dependent poor
super-rich/uber-wealthy
an expression used to describe the richest 1% of billionaires and multi-millionaires
upper class
the social group that has the highest status in society. This status is often inherited. It’s often called the ‘ruling class’
symbiotic
inter-dependent
ideological power
dominating culture or ideas
social closure
exclusionary practices employed by wealthy high-status groups to protect their monopoly and ownership of both wealth and property, so preventing other groups from becoming members of their class
deferred gratification
the ability to forego or postpone gratification or pleasure now by making the decision to gain greater rewards later- say, by saving for the future or studying for a degree
collectivism
the practice or principle of giving a group priority over each individual with in it
class consciousness
a Marxist concept that relates to awareness of one’s place in a system of social class, esp as it relates to the class struggle
socialism
a left-wing political ideology or set of beliefs that states all people are equal ad should enjoy equal opportunities with regard to access to education, qualifications, jobs and wealth creation
populism
a system of idea that claims to support the will of the people
xenophobic
fear or hatred of foreigners such as refugees or migrants
precariat
people whose employment and income are insecure, esp when considered as a class
gig economy
a labour market characterised by the prevalence of short-term contracts or freelance work as opposed to permanent jobs
present-day orientation
a view likely to held by members of the precariat, whose members may believe that people should live for today and that there is little hope for the future because of their experience of job insecurity
