Social groups and beliefs- Gender

Question 1

Sociologist who believes this?

Answer 1

Miller and Hoffmann

Question 2

Miller and Hoffmann, what do they believe?

Answer 2

-More likely to express a greater interest in religion
-Women have a stronger personal religious commitment
-Women more likely to attend church
-Appear through religious organisation or religious beliefs

Question 3

Miller and Hoffman 2 factors?

Answer 3

Differential socialisation
Differential roles

Question 4

Miller and Hoffman- differential socialisation?

Answer 4

Females taught to be submissive, passive and obedient and nurturing than males
Traits are compatibles with religiosity as such characteristics are highly esteemed by religions
By the same token, men who internalise these norms tend to be more religious then men that don’t

Question 5

Miller and Hoffman- Differential roles?

Answer 5

Females have lower rates of participation in paid work and this gives women more time for church related activity’s
Higher rates of participation in child-rearing that coincides with family well being

Question 6

Greeley’s theory?

Answer 6

Before women have children there religiosity is similar to men
But once they start taking care of other people them you assume greater responsibility for their ultimate welfare
Women are more involved in caring than practical responsibilities having a religious outlook

Question 7

What is risk aversion and who is the sociologists related?

Answer 7

RA- Religion has a lot to gain and little to lose so attracts more women
Halman and Draulans

Question 8

Halman and Draulans risk aversion?

Answer 8

Women defenders of traditions in family and take on major responsibility’s like looking after home and necessary for child’s moral development and to introduce them to approved social values including religious beliefs

Question 9

Who explains beliefs biologically?

Answer 9

Knott

Question 10

Knotts biological theory?

Answer 10

Spiritual themes within childbirth that a religion can provide powerful coping mechanism
-Childbirth ultimately seen as spiritually transforming experience so woe are more religious following childbirth

Question 11

Why can life expectancy explain religiosity?

Answer 11

Women live longer than men meaning they are more likely to be widowed and living on their own as they grow older
May fall into religion as its a source of support and comfort means of building support network and there community’s

Question 12

What are some new age movements?

Answer 12

Spiritualism
Meditation
Wicca
New age herbalism
Crystal therapy
Astrology

Question 13

New age movement sociologists?

Answer 13

Bruce
Aldridge

Question 14

New age movement- Bruce?

Answer 14

Women are more likely to engage in NAM due to their more feminine movement

Question 15

New age movement- Aldridge?

Answer 15

The image of the goddess in some NAM gives women a central role offering a more positive image of femininity than traditional religions

Question 16

New age movement- Wicca?

Answer 16

Includes religion and femininity

Question 17

Glock and Stark 4 deprivations?

Answer 17

Social
Ethical
Organismic
Psychic

Question 18

Glock and Stark social deprivation?

Answer 18

Lack of power, prestige and status
e.g. those lacking job status who find satisfaction in evangelical roles

Question 19

Glock and Stark- organismic deprivation?

Answer 19

Experienced by those suffering physical and mental problems e.g. people ay turn into sects in hope to be healed or as an alternative to drugs or alcohol

Question 20

Glock and Stark- Ethical deprivation?

Answer 20

Result of people perceiving the world to be in moral decline and therefore retreating into an introversionist sect which separates itself from mainstream society e.g. jim jones people temple or david kpresh branch davidian sect

Question 21

Glock and Stark- psychic deprivation?

Answer 21

Refers to those searching for more than the dominant value system offers
May wish for inner spiritual fulfilment rather than the consumerist goals on offer in capitalist societies
Certain cets like divine light mission and moonies claim to offer this

Question 22

Cohen and Kennedy fundamentalist?

Answer 22

‘The desire to restore fundamentalist religions is associated with the fear that any real increase in woman’s freedom will undermine male control’
-Men want to gain control

Question 23

Critics of Cohen and Kennedy?

Answer 23

Women join movements to reduce ambiguities associated with woman’s roles today
More women are involved

Question 24

Examples of fundamental religion?

Answer 24

Rastafarianism
Women subordinate to men

Question 25

Fundamentalist sociologist?

Answer 25

Aune

Question 26

Aune fundamentalist trends?

Answer 26

Fertility levels
Feminist values
Paid employment
Family diversity

Question 27

Aune- Fertility levels?

Answer 27

Women have fewer children now
Leading to a general decrease in church attendance amongst both gender

Question 28

Aune- Feminist values?

Answer 28

-Feminism began influencing women in 1960-70’s
-Challenged christian values about women’s roles
-Raised womens aspirations

Question 29

Aune- Paid employment

Answer 29

-Less women were in paid work by the beginning of the 20th century
-Nowadays many women work
-Hard to juggle a job childcare housework and church

Question 30

Aune- Family diversity

Answer 30

-Single people
-Single parent families
-Cohabitation
-The are all under provided for/ discouraged by the church

Question 31

Agreement with Aune- Linda Woodhead?

Answer 31

Explaining that the decline of women’s participation and attendance in religious organisations is tired in with the increasing numbers of women entering the workforce