Seculartisation Flashcards
What is secularisation?
The process whereby religious beliefs practice and institutions lose social significant
What does Bruce say about church attendance?
By 2015 5% of adult population attend church on sunday has hales
Religious affiliation today?
In 2021 less than 1/2 of people in the UK class themseves as christian
Religious institutions today?
12% angelic clergy under 40 but new catholic priests now below 1/10
How has modernisation affected religious belief?
Decline of traditional and its replacement with rational and scientific
What’s the effect of industrial on small communitys?
As small comunitys used to hold up common belifs
Whats the impact of religious diversity on religious institutions and on religious belifes?
Undermines authority of religious institutions and the credibility of religious belief so decline
Weber- whats rationalisation?
The process by which rational ways of thinking and acting come to replace religious one
Weber- rationalisation, what is the medieval catholic world view?
Cathlocisms saw world as an enchanted garden
Spiritual beings seen as present trying to use miraculous intervention
Humans influence beings and forces by prayers to ensure good harvest to protect against
Weber- how do protestant differ from Catholicism?
Undermines religious world view of the middle ages and replaced with the scientific outlook in modern society
Weber- what is disenchantment of the world?
Events no longer explained as the work of unpredictable supernatural beings but as predictable working of natures force
Weber- how did protestant reformation lead to the disenchantment of the world?
Gets rid of magical religious way of thinking and starts the rationalis process leading to dominance of rational mode of thought
Enables science to thrive, give humans more power
Bruce- what is the technological world view?
When a plane crashes with loss of lives were unlikely to regard it as work of evil spiritual or gods punishment of the wicked but scientific technological explanation
Weber- What is the impact of scientific knowledge on peoples attitude towards attitude?
Greatly reduce the scope for religious explanation science doesn’t make people atheist but encourages result in people taking religious less seriously
What is structural differentiation?
The process of specialisation that occurs within the development of indusyrial societu
Seperate instetutions develop to carry out function formed by instetutions
What is disengagement?
Functions are transferred to other institutions who the state becoming disconnected from wider society e.g church losing influence it had on education, social welfare and law
Bruce- why is religion privatised?
Religious beliefs are now largely a matter of personal choice and religious institutions have lost influence on wider society traditions lost its meaning
How has there been a decline in community?
Pre industrial turned into industrial
As they wanted to share value via collective religion/rituals intergrated individuals regulated behaviour
But when lost in stable community’s, lost validity and had over virtues
Decline in religion due to industrialisation?
Undermines consensus of religious beings holding small community’s together
Small close knit rural community’s giving way to large urban losse knits country’s with diverse values
Social and geographical mobility brings community together from different backgrounds
Decline in religion- diverse occupation?
Plausibility of belief is undermined by alternatives
Undermines by individualsm as plausibility of religion depends on the exitstence on practice communitys of belief
3 criticisms of decline in community in religion?
-Religion can be a source of identity on a world side scale, true cause of Jewish Hindu and Muslim community’s
- Some religion communities are imagine community’s that interact through global media
-Pentecostal and other religious groups often flourish in impersonal urban areas
What is sacred canopy?
The Catholic Church held an absolute monopoly, no competition
Everyone lived under a single canopy and all beliefs same
Berger- how did the Protestant reformation lead to religious diversity?
Number of variety or religious organisations grown and each different version of the truth
So religious digersity
How religious diversity creates a crisis of credibility for religion?
Because there’s no longer a simple sacred canopy it creates plurality of life worlds
Breakdown of plausibility structure
What is cultural defence?
Religion provides a focal point for defence of national, ethical, local or group identity for struggle against hostile foreign power
What is cultural defence?
Religion provides support and a sense of community for ethnic groups of migrants to a different country and culture
Bruce- what religion survives in cultural defence and transition?
Survives as only focuses for group identity
Don’t disapprove secularisation but shows religion survives here it preforms functions other than relating individuals to supernatural
Criticisms of secularisation theory?
-Beger- diversity choice simulates interest and religious participation
-Beckford- agrees with idea that religious diversity will lead to some question or even abandon beliefs but not inevitable can strengthen religious groups communities then undermines
