Seculartisation

Question 1

What is secularisation?

Answer 1

The process whereby religious beliefs practice and institutions lose social significant

Question 2

What does Bruce say about church attendance?

Answer 2

By 2015 5% of adult population attend church on sunday has hales

Question 3

Religious affiliation today?

Answer 3

In 2021 less than 1/2 of people in the UK class themseves as christian

Question 4

Religious institutions today?

Answer 4

12% angelic clergy under 40 but new catholic priests now below 1/10

Question 5

How has modernisation affected religious belief?

Answer 5

Decline of traditional and its replacement with rational and scientific

Question 6

What’s the effect of industrial on small communitys?

Answer 6

As small comunitys used to hold up common belifs

Question 7

Whats the impact of religious diversity on religious institutions and on religious belifes?

Answer 7

Undermines authority of religious institutions and the credibility of religious belief so decline

Question 8

Weber- whats rationalisation?

Answer 8

The process by which rational ways of thinking and acting come to replace religious one

Question 9

Weber- rationalisation, what is the medieval catholic world view?

Answer 9

Cathlocisms saw world as an enchanted garden
Spiritual beings seen as present trying to use miraculous intervention
Humans influence beings and forces by prayers to ensure good harvest to protect against

Question 10

Weber- how do protestant differ from Catholicism?

Answer 10

Undermines religious world view of the middle ages and replaced with the scientific outlook in modern society

Question 11

Weber- what is disenchantment of the world?

Answer 11

Events no longer explained as the work of unpredictable supernatural beings but as predictable working of natures force

Question 12

Weber- how did protestant reformation lead to the disenchantment of the world?

Answer 12

Gets rid of magical religious way of thinking and starts the rationalis process leading to dominance of rational mode of thought
Enables science to thrive, give humans more power

Question 13

Bruce- what is the technological world view?

Answer 13

When a plane crashes with loss of lives were unlikely to regard it as work of evil spiritual or gods punishment of the wicked but scientific technological explanation

Question 14

Weber- What is the impact of scientific knowledge on peoples attitude towards attitude?

Answer 14

Greatly reduce the scope for religious explanation science doesn’t make people atheist but encourages result in people taking religious less seriously

Question 15

What is structural differentiation?

Answer 15

The process of specialisation that occurs within the development of indusyrial societu
Seperate instetutions develop to carry out function formed by instetutions

Question 16

What is disengagement?

Answer 16

Functions are transferred to other institutions who the state becoming disconnected from wider society e.g church losing influence it had on education, social welfare and law

Question 17

Bruce- why is religion privatised?

Answer 17

Religious beliefs are now largely a matter of personal choice and religious institutions have lost influence on wider society traditions lost its meaning

Question 18

How has there been a decline in community?

Answer 18

Pre industrial turned into industrial
As they wanted to share value via collective religion/rituals intergrated individuals regulated behaviour
But when lost in stable community’s, lost validity and had over virtues

Question 19

Decline in religion due to industrialisation?

Answer 19

Undermines consensus of religious beings holding small community’s together
Small close knit rural community’s giving way to large urban losse knits country’s with diverse values
Social and geographical mobility brings community together from different backgrounds

Question 20

Decline in religion- diverse occupation?

Answer 20

Plausibility of belief is undermined by alternatives
Undermines by individualsm as plausibility of religion depends on the exitstence on practice communitys of belief

Question 21

3 criticisms of decline in community in religion?

Answer 21

-Religion can be a source of identity on a world side scale, true cause of Jewish Hindu and Muslim community’s
- Some religion communities are imagine community’s that interact through global media
-Pentecostal and other religious groups often flourish in impersonal urban areas

Question 22

What is sacred canopy?

Answer 22

The Catholic Church held an absolute monopoly, no competition
Everyone lived under a single canopy and all beliefs same

Question 23

Berger- how did the Protestant reformation lead to religious diversity?

Answer 23

Number of variety or religious organisations grown and each different version of the truth
So religious digersity

Question 24

How religious diversity creates a crisis of credibility for religion?

Answer 24

Because there’s no longer a simple sacred canopy it creates plurality of life worlds
Breakdown of plausibility structure

Question 25

What is cultural defence?

Answer 25

Religion provides a focal point for defence of national, ethical, local or group identity for struggle against hostile foreign power

Question 26

What is cultural defence?

Answer 26

Religion provides support and a sense of community for ethnic groups of migrants to a different country and culture

Question 27

Bruce- what religion survives in cultural defence and transition?

Answer 27

Survives as only focuses for group identity
Don’t disapprove secularisation but shows religion survives here it preforms functions other than relating individuals to supernatural

Question 28

Criticisms of secularisation theory?

Answer 28

-Beger- diversity choice simulates interest and religious participation
-Beckford- agrees with idea that religious diversity will lead to some question or even abandon beliefs but not inevitable can strengthen religious groups communities then undermines