social developments in the kaiserreich Flashcards

1
Q

describe the position of the elites from 1871 to 1914

A

old land aristocracy were at the top, made up of prussian junkers and military officials.
some served at court with the kaiser

industrial elites didn’t have quite so much power as land aristocracy, lived in spacious homes or on big estates
they were involved in politics via pressure groups or financial support

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2
Q

describe the position of the upper middle class from 1871 to 1914

A

they were industrial managers, skilled experts in new industries or educated professionals
they had comfortable homes and paid for their children’s education
often involved in local politics

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3
Q

describe the position of the white collared workers from 1871 to 1914

A

clerks or small businessmen formed the lower middle class
not necessarily wealthier than the workers but were proud of not doing manual work
had similar values to the upper middle class and were aspirational for their children
tended towards conservatism

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4
Q

describe the position of working class from 1871 to 1914

A

divided:
at the top were skilled workers (head butlers in big houses)
semi skilled workers (coal miners) keen to support reform movements
unskilled workers - vulnerable to economic fluctuation

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5
Q

describe the position of the peasants from 1871 to 1914

A

worked in the countryside
either subsidual peasants or landless labourers
similar conservative outlooks to junkers
moved into towns when land was divided between sons

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6
Q

what were women’s positions from 1871 to 1914

A

high ranking women had a leisurely life with charity
upper middle class women would be involved in the home and children but dependant on husband
by 1914 the lower middle class women were starting to take office work opportunities
working class and peasant women were more lively to be manual labourers (sweat shops)
industrial change gave more women jobs in large factories

no right to vote
property was in her husband’s name

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7
Q

how did the elites exert power in the kaiserreich

A

the alliance of steel and rye
made of junkers , military officers , large factory owners
encouraged the support of right wing pressure groups

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8
Q

who were anti semitic and what did they want

A

pan german league
wanted to ban jewish migration , blame them for liberal support

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9
Q

why did military officers have power in the kaiserreich

A

the kaiser liked the military
prussian was based on militarism
kaiser wanted weltpolitik
aristocracy took up more than half of military officers

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10
Q

what was the zabern affair

A

1913
an officer in zabern responded to some teasing by the locals and was punished for several days and when locals found out they demonstrated against german arrogance.
soldiers charged wildly into the crowds
press were outraged
wilhelm allowed the behavior

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11
Q

when was medical insurance started

A

1883
it was paid for by employees and employers for workers and their families

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12
Q

how much did real wage increase from 1895 to 1913

A

25%

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13
Q

when was accident insurance started

A

1884
paid entirely by employers
1886 it was given to agricultural workers as well

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14
Q

when was the OAP started

A

1889
for people over 70

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15
Q

when were trade unions recognised

A

1890
allowed wage disputes

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16
Q

what changes were made to employment laws

A

women could only work 11 hours
minimum wage
prohibition of sunday work
restrictions of child employment

17
Q

how many germans were covered by sickness insurance in 1914

A

15 million

18
Q

what were the improvements in society

A

inoculation
hygiene
better transport
cinema
telephones ,typewriters ,electric trams - improved communication

19
Q

who had the worst living standards

A

working class and peasants
because they wanted to benifit from economic growth
they lived in cramped inner cities
threat of unemployment