economic developments in the kaiser reich Flashcards
how did germany lesson the effects of the 1873-1876 great depression
earlier investment into railway building
what percent was agriculture in Germanys GDP before 1880
35-40
what percentage was agriculture of germanys GDP in 1914
25
what percentage was industry of germanys GDP in 1914
45
how much did german industry increase from 1890 to 1914
it tripled
what factors encourgaed industrial growth
population increase provided the market and workers
raw materials available in the ruhr , alcase and lorraine and saar and silesia
georgraphy - lots of rivers(for transport) and flat land meant building railway was easy
good education - elementary was the best in the world and munich uni had more scince grads then all of england
banks were free from state control and invested in research , trade and development
new cartels
bismarks tarrifs supported the development
how many new banks were founded in prussia in 1872
49
what was the increase in number of cartels
1875- 8
1887 - 70
1900- 300
1911-600
what was included in the new industries
chemicals
electricals
machinery
cars
comparison sizes of the german merchant navy
3x america
but only 1/4 of the british
where did germany have a monopoly at the start of the 20th centuary
chemical dyes
they produced more than 3/4 of the worlds supply
where did the electrically companies develop and why
rhineland because generators could be powered off of waste gas from the steel works
what did siemans lead the way in
making dynamos
what does weltpolitik mean
expansion of forigen policy
what percent of the population were employed in agriculture in 1907
35
4x as many as in britain
what was protecting the agriculture industry
tariffs
they helped farmers by stopping cheap international crops being imported from flooding the market but they kept german food prices artificailly high
what challenged traditional farming
synthetic foods - margarine
new processes
refridgeration - allowed transatlantic imports
costs rose and labour supply fell
new machinary and fertilisers were essential
evidence for decline in agriculture
prices fell
bad harvest in late 1870s lead to american grain imports
railway created more competition for previously exclueded farmers
landowners had to sell up or get mortgage due to financial difficulty
peasants moved to towns
% of population emploed in agriculture fell from 50 in 1871 to 35 in 1907
evidence against agricultural decline
farming machinary aand technology became cheaper so yeild could be increased
4 million acres of land were bought under cultivation in 1880 - 1900
root crop farmers did well
bussinessmen farmers looked into profitability and employed cheap seasonal workers
when was germany one of the major trading and importing nations in the world
1913
in 1913 how much had imports risen to
526 million
in 1913 how much had exports risen to
495 million
when and why were tariffs introduced
1879
because the junkers , and manifactures joined together in the central association of german manifacturers and bismark introduced tariffs
when did caprivi negociate a treaty with russia austria and romania and what did it agree
1893
that tariffs would be lower for them if they lowered importing tariffs on manifactured goods
conservatives werent happy
