Social Developments 1914 - 1929 Flashcards
How did the war impact German society
Food shortages
Conscription in 1916 took all men 17-60 which impacted middle class professionals
Women found jobs in their husbands wage absence
Working mums and anbsent dads left children neglected and teachers went to the frontline
When did wage differentiation narrow
October 1918
What fraction of the total workforce was women in 1918 and what percentage were in the trade union
1/3 of work forces
25 % in union
What percentage of all children had rickets at the end of the war
40%
How much did milk supply fall by in the war
50%
How much did meat and butter supply fall by in the war
40%
Why were resources scares in the war years
Conscription took men out of the fields
British blockades prevented imports
How many calories did German live off in the war years
1000
How many people died of Spanish flu
500,000
How many soldiers as died and how many were injured
2 million died
4 million injured
Who was effected most by the hyperinflation and why
Young people trying to get a job
Retired people
Sick people
Landlords reliant on fixed rent
Because they were relying on saving or fixed payments which did not increase with inflation
Who did well In hyperinflation
People who had debts , mortgages and loans could pay them off with worthless currency
Business owners took out loans which they paid back once the currency had devalued
Rural communities did well because food was more sort after then money
What changes to welfare state happened in 1918
Workers had 8 hour days
No trade union restrictions
Industrial tribunals were established
What changes to welfare state happened in 1920 and how many people benefited
War victims got pensions
2.5 million people got them
When was the youth welfare act established and what did it do
1922
Encourage physical and social fitness in children
When was unemployment relief consolidated
1923
What were forgiven loans used for
Hospitals
roads
Schools
Electricity supply
What happened to the post war welfare programmes in 1923
The state struggled to continue them and benefit system nearly collapsed
Who did like taxation schemes and why
Elite saw them as an attack on their wealth
How many women were in employment In 1925
35.6 %
What did political parties think about women’s in the 1920s
They believed women’s role was to be in the home and would return there once they married
How many members did the league of German women’s association have
900,000 members
Why did families become smaller
Contraception was more readily available
Abortiion was legal in 1926
How were minority groups treated in the Weimar constitution
Their rights were respected but travellers were seen as beggars and sent to workhouses if they had no regular job
Pre war antisemitism had no disappeared but middle class Jews held a prominent position in professions and society
What percentage of the population were Jews in 1919
1%
What percentage of doctors were Jews
11%
What percentage of lawyers were Jews
16%
How were aristocrats effected by the constitution
All titles and legal privileges were removed
They were undermined by demilitarisation
How did the aristocrats feel about Weimar
Attached to land and felt it showed wealth
Continued marriage within aristocracy and elitist education
Opposed big cities , Americanisation, capitalism
Favoured more radical right wings not the state
Why did military not loose its power after the war
Egbert groener pact
Long standing belief In military superiority
Elites supported officer schools doing secret rearmament
How much did military budget increase from 1924 -1928
75 %
How did information spread more from 1923
Increase purchase of :
Radio
Telephone
Cars
Newspapers and magazines
What did Americanisation bring to Weimar Germany
New fashion
New manners and morals
Ciggerettes
Shorter hair cuts for women
Chewing gum
Spectator sports
Dance halls
Hollywood films
What did peasnet women do in the Weimar
In the countryside not much changed
Women could still be found in the home
Why did land owners face problems
Lack of land reforms
Cultural changes
Art exhibitions (with strong left wing bias )were subsidised by the government
Expressionism
Literature with a social and political purpose
Theatre had new sets and techniques ( also in cinema )
Provocative films
Bauhaus architecture
Which political parties disagreed with the new culture
Zentrum
Right wing nationalists
What was the tides of filth act and when
1926
To protect youth from pulp fiction and pornography
How did the nazis feel about the new culture
They thought it was un German behaviour
