Social Developments 1914 - 1929

Question 1

How did the war impact German society

Answer 1

Food shortages
Conscription in 1916 took all men 17-60 which impacted middle class professionals
Women found jobs in their husbands wage absence
Working mums and anbsent dads left children neglected and teachers went to the frontline

Question 2

When did wage differentiation narrow

Answer 2

October 1918

Question 3

What fraction of the total workforce was women in 1918 and what percentage were in the trade union

Answer 3

1/3 of work forces
25 % in union

Question 4

What percentage of all children had rickets at the end of the war

Answer 4

40%

Question 5

How much did milk supply fall by in the war

Answer 5

50%

Question 6

How much did meat and butter supply fall by in the war

Answer 6

40%

Question 7

Why were resources scares in the war years

Answer 7

Conscription took men out of the fields
British blockades prevented imports

Question 8

How many calories did German live off in the war years

Answer 8

1000

Question 9

How many people died of Spanish flu

Answer 9

500,000

Question 10

How many soldiers as died and how many were injured

Answer 10

2 million died
4 million injured

Question 11

Who was effected most by the hyperinflation and why

Answer 11

Young people trying to get a job
Retired people
Sick people
Landlords reliant on fixed rent
Because they were relying on saving or fixed payments which did not increase with inflation

Question 12

Who did well In hyperinflation

Answer 12

People who had debts , mortgages and loans could pay them off with worthless currency
Business owners took out loans which they paid back once the currency had devalued
Rural communities did well because food was more sort after then money

Question 13

What changes to welfare state happened in 1918

Answer 13

Workers had 8 hour days
No trade union restrictions
Industrial tribunals were established

Question 14

What changes to welfare state happened in 1920 and how many people benefited

Answer 14

War victims got pensions
2.5 million people got them

Question 15

When was the youth welfare act established and what did it do

Answer 15

1922
Encourage physical and social fitness in children

Question 16

When was unemployment relief consolidated

Answer 16

1923

Question 17

What were forgiven loans used for

Answer 17

Hospitals
roads
Schools
Electricity supply

Question 18

What happened to the post war welfare programmes in 1923

Answer 18

The state struggled to continue them and benefit system nearly collapsed

Question 19

Who did like taxation schemes and why

Answer 19

Elite saw them as an attack on their wealth

Question 20

How many women were in employment In 1925

Answer 20

35.6 %

Question 21

What did political parties think about women’s in the 1920s

Answer 21

They believed women’s role was to be in the home and would return there once they married

Question 22

How many members did the league of German women’s association have

Answer 22

900,000 members

Question 23

Why did families become smaller

Answer 23

Contraception was more readily available
Abortiion was legal in 1926

Question 24

How were minority groups treated in the Weimar constitution

Answer 24

Their rights were respected but travellers were seen as beggars and sent to workhouses if they had no regular job
Pre war antisemitism had no disappeared but middle class Jews held a prominent position in professions and society

Question 25

What percentage of the population were Jews in 1919

Answer 25

1%

Question 26

What percentage of doctors were Jews

Answer 26

11%

Question 27

What percentage of lawyers were Jews

Answer 27

16%

Question 28

How were aristocrats effected by the constitution

Answer 28

All titles and legal privileges were removed
They were undermined by demilitarisation

Question 29

How did the aristocrats feel about Weimar

Answer 29

Attached to land and felt it showed wealth
Continued marriage within aristocracy and elitist education
Opposed big cities , Americanisation, capitalism
Favoured more radical right wings not the state

Question 30

Why did military not loose its power after the war

Answer 30

Egbert groener pact
Long standing belief In military superiority
Elites supported officer schools doing secret rearmament

Question 31

How much did military budget increase from 1924 -1928

Answer 31

75 %

Question 32

How did information spread more from 1923

Answer 32

Increase purchase of :
Radio
Telephone
Cars
Newspapers and magazines

Question 33

What did Americanisation bring to Weimar Germany

Answer 33

New fashion
New manners and morals
Ciggerettes
Shorter hair cuts for women
Chewing gum
Spectator sports
Dance halls
Hollywood films

Question 34

What did peasnet women do in the Weimar

Answer 34

In the countryside not much changed
Women could still be found in the home

Question 35

Why did land owners face problems

Answer 35

Lack of land reforms

Question 36

Cultural changes

Answer 36

Art exhibitions (with strong left wing bias )were subsidised by the government
Expressionism
Literature with a social and political purpose
Theatre had new sets and techniques ( also in cinema )
Provocative films
Bauhaus architecture

Question 37

Which political parties disagreed with the new culture

Answer 37

Zentrum
Right wing nationalists

Question 38

What was the tides of filth act and when

Answer 38

1926
To protect youth from pulp fiction and pornography

Question 39

How did the nazis feel about the new culture

Answer 39

They thought it was un German behaviour