Social Developments, 1894-1904 Flashcards
What were the positives of being a peasant farmer?
Minority emigrated to Siberia. More prosperous commercial farming the the Baltic and western Siberia. Former state peasants better off. Improvements in health through zemstva. More control over land. Kulaks.
What were the negatives of being a peasant farmer?
Big gap between rich and poor. Conditions did not improve much. Strip farming. Widespread poverty. Many forced to leave land and become migrant workers. Backwards farming. High mortality rates. Turned down for military service - unfit. Loyalty to Church.
How much change was there to the peasant farmer?
Not much change. Hampered by traditional methods and beliefs. Had debt.
What were the positives of being an Urban Factory Worker?
Urban population swelled. New legislation to improve conditions. Education spread. City life offered new opportunities. Involved themselves in Unions.
What were some of the legislation brought in for Urban Factory Workers?
- Prohibited night time work of children (1885)
- Workers had contracts (1886)
- Children under 12 couldn’t work (1892)
- Hours of work reduced (1897)
- Efficient factory inspection (1903)
- Accident insurance (1912)
What were the negatives of being an Urban Factory Worker?
Inadequate facilities to deal with growing urban population. Overcrowded. Lack of sanitation. No running water or sewage system (Cholera outbreak). Rents were high. Unrest and political discontent - Lena Goldfields
How much change was there to the Urban Factory Worker?
Lots. Vast increase in population. More political. Still poor conditions with long hours and small wages.
What were the positives of being a Noble Landowner?
Thrived on favourable arrangements for industrial enterprise or land distribution. Some had military ties. Maintained former lifestyle and influence. No taxes to diminish wealth. Encouraged influence in zemstvas
What were the negatives of being a Noble Landowner?
Position suffered as a result of emancipation. One third of land given to peasants, Some struggled to pay debts
How much change was there the Noble Landowner?
None. Retained traditonal lifestyle, influence and wealth.
What were the positives of being Middle Class and a Women?
Small and influential. New professionals. Allowed social mobility. Opportunities for enterprise. Home in the zemstva. Women’s educational opportunities grew and allowed at universities. Campaigns for women to get the vote (1908)
What were the negatives of being Middle Class and a Women?
Little change to patrical society. Women still had less educational opportunities. Men still more powerful - owned the property and inheritance.
How much change was there for the Middle Class and Women?
Creation of a new class - lots of change. Not much change for women.
