Social Developments, 1855-94 Flashcards
How did industrialization help social developments?
New middle class and urban working class emerged
Who were the Landed Elite?
Small group - nobles. After emancipation used money to pay off debts. Became professors, businessmen and some in zemstva. Retained former wealth and status.
Who were the Middle Class?
From an increase in education opportunities. Bankers, teachers, doctors and administrators in greater demand. Opportunities for enterprise eg contracts for railways.
Who were the Urban Working Class?
Quite small. Accompanied growth of industry. Some peasants left rural areas to become workers. Poor conditions and they were paid little. Strikes between 1886-1894.
What reforms were made to improve the lives of the Urban Working Class?
1882-90: Regulation of child labour, reduction in working hours and factory inspectors
Who were the Peasantry?
Divided in hierachy. Kulaks - bought up land, were rich farmers. Poorest peasants found life getting harder. Large proportion turned down as unfit for military service. Living conditions did not improve
What was the influence of the Orthodox Church?
Close bond with the Tsarist regime. Tsar possessed a Divine Right and was a saint. Had control over the peasantry as they were superstitious. Control of primary education. Censorship controls
