Social Determinants of Health 1

Question 1

What are social determinants of health?

Answer 1

an social factor that can potentially impact on health and well-being
- any cultural influences such as perspectives on gender, marriage, family status, race, ethnicity, religious beliefs, stigma, stereotypes, discrimination, prejudice

Question 2

What are some examples of social determinants of health?

Answer 2

poverty, education, employment, consumer price index, war, famine, terrorism, culture, hierarchy position, social status, power

Question 3

What is poverty distress?

Answer 3

medicalisation and individualisation of distress associated with poverty

Question 4

What is health inequality?

Answer 4

• differences in health outcomes of individuals or groups
• measured by key markers such as life expectancy, infant mortality, number of co-morbidities, suicide rate, risk factor behaviours, self reported health
• varies across socially relevant groupings (gender/race/ethnicity/class/geographic location)

Question 5

What is health inequity?

Answer 5

• morally wrong/unjust/unfair/avoidable/preventable

- unfair distribution of health risks and resources

Question 6

How is health a human right?

Answer 6

• Equality act 2010
• Human Rights Act 1998
• Equality Act 2010

Question 7

What are social classes?

Answer 7

Segments of population sharing broadly similar types and levels of resources, with broadly similar styles of living and some shared perception of their collective condition

• different types
• status hierarchy in which individuals and groups are classified on basis of esteem and prestige acquired through economic success and wealth accumulation

Question 8

What is shit life syndrome?

Answer 8

• poor working aged people are locked in a cycle of poverty and neglect amid wider influence

Question 9

What are the affects of poverty on health?

Answer 9

• weakens social structure
• decreases access to care
• increases pressure on NHS at frontline service to deal with poverty consequences
• exacerbates inverse care law
• reinforces stigma of being judged

Question 10

What is the main health risk from the health survey in England?

Answer 10

• risk in prevalence of diabetes and obesity (overweight/obesity is a RF for diabetes, cancer, CV diseases)

Question 11

What is health inequality measured by?

Answer 11

• life expectancy
• infant mortality
• number of co-morbidities
• suicide rate
• risk factor behaviours
• self-reported health

Question 12

What does health inequality vary across?

Answer 12

Socially relevant groupings

• gender
• race
• ethnicity
• socioeconomic status
• class
• geographic location

Question 13

What is health disparity?

Answer 13

• differences in access to or availability of facilities and services

Question 14

What is health inequity?

Answer 14

Differences in health status

• unjust/avoidable/preventable
• unfair distribution of health risks and resources

Question 15

What are the difference social classes?

Answer 15

Upper middle
Middle
Lower middle
Skilled working
Working
Unemployed/receiving benefits

Question 16

What is absolute poverty?

Answer 16

A set standard of poverty, same in all countries, does not change over time
- extreme poverty

Question 17

What is extreme poverty?

Answer 17

Living on less than 1.25 per day

Question 18

What is relative poverty?

Answer 18

A standard defined in terms of the society in which an individual lives that differs between countries and over time.

Question 19

What is social exclusion?

Answer 19

Alienation of certain people within society

• due to stigma/prejudice
• lack of control over

Question 20

What is the relationship between social structure and health?

Answer 20

Social gradient in health caused by differential exposure to social circumstances through life course
- salutogenesis