Social Control and Social Deviance Flashcards
Any transgression of socially establish norms
Social deviance
Crime or the violation of laws
Formal deviance
Minor transgressions or norm violations
Informal deviance
Violation of laws enacted by society
Crime
Way people form social bonds, relate to each other, and get along on a day-to-day basis
Social cohesion
Social cohesion based on sameness
Mechanical or segmental solidarity
Social cohesion based on different and independent of the parts
Organic solidarity
Mechanisms that create normative compliance in individuals
Social control
Mechanisms of social control by which rules or laws prohibit deviant criminal behavior
Formal social sanctions
Usually unexpressed but widely known rules of group membership; the unspoken rules of social life
Informal social sanctions
Degree to which you are integrated in your social group or community
Social integration
Number of rules guiding your daily life and, more specifically, what you can reasonably expect from the world on a day-to-day basis
Social regulation
Suicide that occurs when one experiences too much social integration
Altruistic suicide
Suicide that occurs as a result of insufficient social regulation
Anomic suicide
Suicide that occurs as a result of too much social regulation
Fatalistic suicide
Sense of aimlessness or despair that arises when we can no longer reasonably expect life to be predictable, too little social regulation; normlessness
Anomie
Robert Merton’s theory that deviants occurs when a society does not give all of its members equal ability to achieve socially acceptable goals
Strain theory
Individual who accepts both the goals and strategies to achieve them that are considered socially acceptable
Conformist
Individual who rejects socially defined goals but not the means
Ritualist
Social deviant who accepts socially acceptable goals but reject socially acceptable means to achieve them
Innovator
One who rejects both socially acceptable means and goals by completely retreating from, or not participating in society
Retreatist
Individual who rejects both traditional goals and traditional mean and wants to alter or destroyed the social institutions from which he or she is alienated
Rebel
Belief that individuals subconsciously notice how others see you or label them, and their reactions to those labels overtime form the basis of their self identity
Labeling theory
First act of rule breaking that may incur a label of a “deviant” and thus influence how people think about an act toward you
Primary deviance
Subsequent acts of rule breaking the law her after primary deviance and as a result of your new deviant label and peoples expectations of you
Secondary deviance
Negative social label that not only changes others behavior toward a person but also alters the persons on self-concept and social identity
Stigma
Theory explaining how social context and social cues impact whether individuals act deviant; specifically, whether local, informal social norms allowed to even acts
Broken Windows Theory of Deviance
Crime committed in public and often associated with violence, gangs, and poverty
Street crime
Offense committed by a professional(s) against a corporation, agency, or other institution
White-collar crime
Particular type of white-collar crime committed by the officers CEOs and other executives of a corporation
Corporate crime
Philosophy of criminal justice arising from the notion that crime results from a rational calculation of its costs and benefits
Deterrence theory
When an individual who has been involved with the criminal justice system reverts to criminal behavior
Recidivism
A circular building composed of an inner ring and an outer ring designed to serve as a prison in which guards housed in the inner ring can observe the prisoners with out the details knowing whether they are being watched
Panopticon
Act of abiding by society’s norms or simply following the rules of group life
Normative compliance
Suicide that occurs when one is not well integrated into a social group
Egoistic suicide
