Social Change Flashcards
Action that takes place in groups and diverges from the social norms of the situation
Collective action
Collective action that is face-to-face with other members of the group
Crowd collective action
Collective action that occurs when people are not physically together
Mass collective action
Theory of collective action that states that collective action happens when people with similar ideas and tendencies gather in the same place
Convergence theory
Theory of collective action claiming that collective action rises because of people’s tendency to conform to the behavior of others with whom they are in close contact with
Contagion theory
Theory of collective action emphasizing the influence of keynoters in promoting new behavioral norms
Emergent norm theory
Collective behavior that is purposeful, organized, and institutionalized but not ritualized
Social movement
Social movements that seek the most limited societal change and often target a narrow group of people
Alterative social movements
Social movements that target specific groups but advocate for more radical change in behavior
Redemptive social movements
Social movements that advocate for limited social change across an entire society
Reformative social movements
Social movements that advocate the radical reorganization of society
Revolutionary social movements
Model of social movements based on a concept of structural weakness in society that results in the psychological disruption of individuals
Classical model
Model of social movements that emphasizes political context and goals but also states that social movements are unlikely to emerge without the necessary resources
Resource-mobilization theory
Model of social movements that focuses on the structure of political opportunities; when these are favorable to a particular challenger, the chances are better for the success of a social movement led by this challenger
Political process model
First stage of a social movement occurring when the social problem being addressed is identified
Emergence
Second stage of social movement in which resources are mobilized around the problems outlined in the first stage
Coalescence
Final stage of a social movement in which it is institutionalized and a formal structure develops to promote the cause
Routinization or institutionalization
Group developed to recruit new members and coordinate participation in a particular social movement; group often raise money, clarify goals, and structure participation in the movement
Social movement organization
Type of social movement organization that relies on high levels of community-based membership participation to promote change; lacks a hierarchical structure and works through existing political structures
Grassroots organization
Social relations characterized by concentric circles of social affiliation, a low degree of division of labor, relatively undeveloped technology, and traditional social norms
Premodernity
Social relations characterized by rationality, bureaucratization, and objectivity as well as individuality created by non concentric but overlapping group affiliations
Modernity
Social relations characterized by a questioning of the notion of progress and history, the replacement of narrative with pastiche, and multiple perhaps even conflicting identities resulting from disjointed affiliations
Postmodernity
