Social Change

Question 1

Action that takes place in groups and diverges from the social norms of the situation

Answer 1

Collective action

Question 2

Collective action that is face-to-face with other members of the group

Answer 2

Crowd collective action

Question 3

Collective action that occurs when people are not physically together

Answer 3

Mass collective action

Question 4

Theory of collective action that states that collective action happens when people with similar ideas and tendencies gather in the same place

Answer 4

Convergence theory

Question 5

Theory of collective action claiming that collective action rises because of people’s tendency to conform to the behavior of others with whom they are in close contact with

Answer 5

Contagion theory

Question 6

Theory of collective action emphasizing the influence of keynoters in promoting new behavioral norms

Answer 6

Emergent norm theory

Question 7

Collective behavior that is purposeful, organized, and institutionalized but not ritualized

Answer 7

Social movement

Question 8

Social movements that seek the most limited societal change and often target a narrow group of people

Answer 8

Alterative social movements

Question 9

Social movements that target specific groups but advocate for more radical change in behavior

Answer 9

Redemptive social movements

Question 10

Social movements that advocate for limited social change across an entire society

Answer 10

Reformative social movements

Question 11

Social movements that advocate the radical reorganization of society

Answer 11

Revolutionary social movements

Question 12

Model of social movements based on a concept of structural weakness in society that results in the psychological disruption of individuals

Answer 12

Classical model

Question 13

Model of social movements that emphasizes political context and goals but also states that social movements are unlikely to emerge without the necessary resources

Answer 13

Resource-mobilization theory

Question 14

Model of social movements that focuses on the structure of political opportunities; when these are favorable to a particular challenger, the chances are better for the success of a social movement led by this challenger

Answer 14

Political process model

Question 15

First stage of a social movement occurring when the social problem being addressed is identified

Answer 15

Emergence

Question 16

Second stage of social movement in which resources are mobilized around the problems outlined in the first stage

Answer 16

Coalescence

Question 17

Final stage of a social movement in which it is institutionalized and a formal structure develops to promote the cause

Answer 17

Routinization or institutionalization

Question 18

Group developed to recruit new members and coordinate participation in a particular social movement; group often raise money, clarify goals, and structure participation in the movement

Answer 18

Social movement organization

Question 19

Type of social movement organization that relies on high levels of community-based membership participation to promote change; lacks a hierarchical structure and works through existing political structures

Answer 19

Grassroots organization

Question 20

Social relations characterized by concentric circles of social affiliation, a low degree of division of labor, relatively undeveloped technology, and traditional social norms

Answer 20

Premodernity

Question 21

Social relations characterized by rationality, bureaucratization, and objectivity as well as individuality created by non concentric but overlapping group affiliations

Answer 21

Modernity

Question 22

Social relations characterized by a questioning of the notion of progress and history, the replacement of narrative with pastiche, and multiple perhaps even conflicting identities resulting from disjointed affiliations

Answer 22

Postmodernity