Social-Cognitive Theory and Vicarious Learning- Albert Bandura Flashcards
Observational learning
Observational learning is a way to learn by watching others
reciprocal causation model
continuous interaction between behaviors, personal factors - including cognition - and the environment
Findings of Bobo Doll Experiment
Bandura grounded his understanding of a model’s primary function, which is to transmit information to the observer. This function occurs in any of three ways:
Modeled behaviors serve as cues to initiate similar behaviors in others.
They also serve to strengthen or weaken the learner’s existing restraints against the performance of a modeled behavior.
They’re used to demonstrate new patterns of behavior.
Vicarious behavior
outcomes of modeled behavior that arouse emotional reactions in the observer
two components of vicarious reinforcement are:
the behavior of a model produces reinforcement for a particular behavior, and second, positive emotional reactions are aroused in the observe
Like vicarious reinforcement, punishment administered to a model tends to convey three primary effects:
The outcome conveys information about behaviors that are likely to be punished and are, therefore, inappropriate.
A restraining influence on imitative, aggressive actions is also likely to occur.
Because the behavior was unsuccessful, the model’s status is likely to be devalued.
Self-reinforcement
occurs in situations in which individuals have established standards for their behavior, and they evaluate their behavior in relation to those standards.
Direct Reinforcement
the positive reinforcement by the observer’s imitation of the model
self-efficacy
their belief in their ability to produce desired results by their own actions
Social modeling
people see others like themselves being successful
can increase self-efficacy
Mastery
people achieve goals and overcome failures
Is an important part of increasing self-efficacy
Social Persuasion
When people are persuaded by others that they can succeed
Positively affects self-efficacy
Bandura’s reciprocal causation model focuses on continuous interaction between the following three factors:
a. cognition, behavior, reward
b. person, environment, reinforcement
c. behavior, reward, punishment
d. learning, behavior, environment
e. behavior, environment, person
E
While working with patients with snake phobias, Bandura found that _____ were more effective in treating phobias than persuasion.
evasive maneuvers
a. observations
b. punishments
c. rewards
d. conversions
A
