Behaviorism and Humanistic Personality Development

Question 1

behaviorism

Answer 1

examines how we learn through associations, rewards and punishments, and modeled behaviors

Question 2

behaviorism personality perspective

Answer 2

According to the behaviorists, the environment shapes our personality. If a child is rewarded for whining for some candy by getting the candy, the child will learn that whining is effective, and he or she may eventually develop a whiny and demanding personality. Skinner argued that the environment is so important that just changing someone’s environment can change their personality. Critics of behaviorism believe that Skinner’s ideas liken people to automatons and don’t take cognitive processes into consideration.

Question 3

humanistic

Answer 3

stressed humans’ capacity for self-fulfillment

Question 4

humanistic personality perspective

Answer 4

people are born good, overall and can reach their individual unique potential if given all the right tools in childhood

Question 5

self-actualization

Answer 5

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs demonstrates how individuals can achieve self-actualization and achieve their highest potential, first by satisfying needs like food, safety, self-esteem, and belonging.

Question 6

fully functioning individuals

Answer 6

Carl Rogers focused on the importance of the self and the development of a self-concept. According to Rogers, when our real self and our ideal self match, we become fully functioning individuals.

Question 7

incongruence

Answer 7

Carl Rogers

when our real self and ideal self do not match, we feel a tension