Discovery Learning & Representation- Jerome Bruner Flashcards
Bruner held the following beliefs regarding learning and education:
He believed curriculum should foster the development of problem-solving skills through the processes of inquiry and discovery.
He believed that subject matter should be represented in terms of the child’s way of viewing the world.
That curriculum should be designed so that the mastery of skills leads to the mastery of still more powerful ones.
He also advocated teaching by organizing concepts and learning by discovery.
Finally, he believed culture should shape notions through which people organize their views of themselves and others and the world in which they live.
Three stages of cognitive representation
Enactive
Iconic
Symbolic Representation
Enactive Representation
Enactive, which is the representation of knowledge through action
This stage involves the encoding and storage of information. There is a direct manipulation of objects without any internal representation of the objects.
Iconic Representation
which is the visual summarization of image
stage appears from one to six years old. This stage involves an internal representation of external objects visually in the form of a mental image or icon. For example, a child drawing an image of a tree or thinking of an image of a tree would be representative of this stage
Symbolic Representation
which is the use of words and other symbols to describe experiences.
from seven years and up, is when information is stored in the form of a code or symbol such as language. Each symbol has a fixed relation to something it represents. For example, the word ‘dog’ is a symbolic representation for a single class of animal. Symbols, unlike mental images or memorized actions, can be classified and organized. In this stage, most information is stored as words, mathematical symbols, or in other symbol systems
Discovery Learning
mplies that a learner constructs his or her own knowledge for themselves by discovering as opposed to being told about something
Constructivism
emphasizes the active role of the learner in building understanding and making sense of information
Bruner and Piaget Similarities
Bruner wasn’t the only cognitive psychologist with ideas about learning. Jean Piaget and Bruner held common beliefs about learning, but disagreed on several points.
Bruner and Piaget agreed that children are born ready to learn. They both thought that children have a natural curiosity. They also both agreed that children are active learners and that cognitive development entails the use of symbols.
Bruner and Piaget Differences
Bruner and Piaget disagreed on the following:
Bruner believed development is a continuous process, not a series of stages.
Bruner also believed development of language is a cause and not a consequence of cognitive development.
Bruner also believed you didn’t have to wait for a child to be ready, and you could speed-up cognitive development.
Bruner thought that adults and knowledgeable peers played a major role in the cognitive development of a learner.
Bruner did not believe symbolic thought replaced earlier modes of representation.
Bruner’s three stages of cognitive representation follow which order, from earliest to latest?
a. Iconic, enactive, symbolic
b. Enactive, iconic, symbolic
c. Enactive, symbolic, iconic
d. Symbolic, enactive, iconic
e. Iconic, symbolic, enactive
B
How do Bruner and Piaget’s views differ?
a. Only Bruner believed that children have a natural curiosity.
b. Only Bruner believed that development is a continuous process, not a series of stages.
c. Only Bruner believed that cognitive development entails the use of symbols.
d. Only Bruner believed that children are active learners.
e. Only Bruner believed that children are born ready to learn.
B
This is the stage of representation in which an object can be directly manipulated, but without an internal representation of said object:
a. Enactive mode
b, Symbolic mode
c. Constructivist mode
d. Linguistic mode
e. Iconic mode
A
