Social Class Internal Factors

Question 1

What are the 6 different internal factors?

Answer 1

Labelling 
Self fulfilling prophecy 
Streaming 
Subcultures 
Class identities 
School selection processes

Question 2

What is meant by the term labelling?

Answer 2

Attaching meaning or identity to someone and basing your behaviour towards them on that. Teachers are said to label students on factors other than IQ or aptitude but on stereotypical assumptions. This can lead to the help effect in which the impression of the student influences all future interactions. BECKERS STUDY

Question 3

What is the halo effect

Answer 3

When the impression a student has on a teacher influences all future behaviour towards that student.

Question 4

What was beckers study in regard to student labelling?

Answer 4

Used unstructured interviews in Chicago with 60 teachers are found that they had an image of an ideal pupil, work hard, good behaviour, smartly dressed and working class pupils do not conform to this image.

Question 5

What is self fulfilling prophecy ?

Answer 5

A label given to a student can impact their self concept and students can internalise the label and teachers expectations resulting in a self fulfilling prophecy in which the believe the label and act accordingly and make label reality. ROSENTHAL AND JACOBSON

Question 6

What was rothenthal and jacobsons study?

Answer 6

Into self fulfilling prophecy. They did a field experiment in Californian schools to show how teacher labelling can create a self fulfilling prophecy. They told the school they could identify spurters through an IQ test however randomly selected 20% of the students and provided names to teachers. One year later they found that the students who were told to be spurters to the teachers had significantly progressed due to positive feedback and supportive body language shown by the teachers

Question 7

What is steaming and setting

Answer 7

Streaming = placing students in students in ability groups taught separately for all subjects 
Setting = pleading students into different ability groups where they are taught for specific subjects. (BECKER AND GILBOIRNE AND YOUDELL)

Question 8

What did Becker find with streaming and setting?

Answer 8

There is a correlation between expectations and stream and set. He found that following the application of a label pupils for a lower class are placed in lower sets and streams and it’s difficult to move stream.

Question 9

What did GILLBOURNE and YOUDELL find with streaming and setting?

Answer 9

Teachers use stereotypical notions of s students ability and found that social class did have an impact in what sets and streams they were placed in. Working class black pupils were placed in lower streams and were entered for lower tier exams.

Question 10

What is a student subculture?

Answer 10

A group of students who share the same, attitudes and behaviours that differ from those of mainstream society. (LACEY AND HARGREEVES)

Question 11

What does Lacey say about student subcultures?

Answer 11

Student subcultures for due to differentiation (catageriodsed according to perceived ability and streamed differently)
And polarisation ( students respond to stream by turning to extreme types of behaviour e.g Anti school and pro school)

Question 12

What does HARGREEVES say about student subcultures

Answer 12

Those placed in lower streams are often labelled as trouble makers and rebel against the school. Boys he studies saw themselves as triple failures, failed 11+, put in low streams by teachers and seen as failures by teachers.

Question 13

With Pupils class identity and the school who’s theory is behind it?

Answer 13

Archer

Question 14

What does archer say about pupils class identity and the school

Answer 14

Archer focuses on interaction between the working class students identity in the school and the imapct this can have on underachievement. Concepts of habitus, symbolic capital and symbolic violence.

Question 15

In archers pupil identities and the school what does he mean by the term habitus as one of his three main focuses

Answer 15

Habitus = set of ideas and beliefs certain by certain class and although middle class and working habitats are equal the middle class have the power to make theirs more superior

Question 16

In archers pupil identity and the school what is meant by symbolic capital and symbolic violence?

Answer 16

Middle class pupils have symbolic capital in that their tastes are given a superior status in education and working class culture is inferior and the working class are kept in place by the use of symbolic violence e.g language and exclusion from school for wearing types of clothing

Question 17

What did archer find about wording class students in pupil identity and the school??

Answer 17

Archers found that many working class students felt the best way they could improve educationally was the through the way they presented themselves, for many students brands are a way of constructing an identify and was a way they could be themselves. Archer found that many students would dress as a struggle for recognition e.g Nike was seen as tasteless by the school but a way of gaining self worth and symbolic capital to youth. Wearing Nike represented rejecting higher education as they thought, further ed was for rich and cleaver and wouldn’t fit in = unrealistic and it would not suit their lifestyle as they didn’t want to live on a student loan that wouldn’t give them the support in order to fit in with street style.