External Ethnicity And Educational Attainment

Question 1

Name the three external factors

Answer 1

1. Cultural deprivation
2. Material deprecation
3. Racism in wider society

Question 2

Explain cultural deprivation

Answer 2

Sociologists argue that there are 3 main explanations to cultural deprivation that lead to differences in achievement by different ethnic groups. Language, attitudes and parental support

Question 3

Further explain the language explanation connected to cultural deprivation that lead to differences in achievement by different ethnic groups

Answer 3

1. Language: children from low income black families are not able to develop reasoning and problem solving skills as their experiences at home do not focus on developing these e.g children may not be encouraged to read in their leisure time. They cans leak in dis jointed grammatically incorrect forms often unable to exlap, more abstract conceptual ideas. Families may not speak English at home however evidence does not support this as students who had English as their first language were only 3% higher in their GCSE A*-C pass rate

Question 4

Further explain the attitudes and values explanation connected to cultural deprivation that lead to differences in achievement by different ethnic groups

Answer 4

It is argued that black chikdren have a lack of motivation when it comes to education preferring to adopt a fatalistic attitude rather than being optimistic and trying to shape their own future. Working class subculture ‘live for today’ at tidies is commemorated which does not foster ambition, competition or the sacrifice needed to reach long term goals

Question 5

Further explain the parental support or family structure explanation connected to cultural deprivation that lead to differences in achievement by different ethnic groups

Answer 5

MOYNIHAN: many black families are matriarchal and children are deprived of adequate care as the mother has to both work and raise children. The lack of male role models results in poor socialisation, especially of black boys; the cycle reproduces itself as the children Eemian poorly socialised and form unstable families having frisked in school.
PRYCE: compotes to black Caribbean families Asian students and claimed Asian families encouraged greater resilience and resistance to racism enouraginf the children self worth and help to maintain a positive role model and focus when facing discrimination. BC = less integrated and coherent with their chikdren often not having the the same self worth instilled into them and more likely to have low self esteem when facing discrimination and not perform as well. Pryce explain that through an understanding of historical understanding of colonist where the experience of slavery devestaed the BC community tearing family strcutres and cultural identical whereas Asian communities were not separated and language remained strong.
SWEL: absence of father did not cause black boys to underachieve but the absence of tough love . Lack of nurturing for a male role model = hard to overcome emotional and behavioural difficulties and often turn to street gangs, compromising of other black boys with no fathers .
BHATTI: parents of Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Indian students were very supportive of their children seceding in education and had a high level of interest in it however did not understand the daily processes of the school, it’s organisation or how to make contact so avoided it as much as possible

Question 6

Evaluation points of cultural deprivation

Answer 6

1. BC families provide strong positive role models for girls and many makes find role models in their extended Kin
2. Students may fail because of low self spesteem caused by radio, rather than lack of a cultural identity
3. Schools as institutionally y racist which results in underperformance

Question 7

Explain material deprivation

Answer 7

PALMER: evidence that when compared to whites:
- 50% of EM chikdren live in low income households compared to 25%
- Twice as likely to be unemployed
- three xs more likely to be homeless
This may be because
- many live in economically deprived areas with high unemployment and low wages
- cultural traditions (e.g purdah which prevents women from working outside of the home in Muslim households)
- a lack of language skills
- asylum seekers may not be allowed to work

Question 8

Explain racism in wider society

Answer 8

Discrimination continues to exists in the UK and often leads of feeling of social exclusion in housing ethnic minorities are more likely to be placed into substandard accommodation and in employment more likely to not be called for interview for available positions p. WOOD: send sent three similar application forms for aound 1,000 vacancies with the names varying appearing to represent different ethnic groups; 2 from minority groups and 1 from a white person. The white person was called to interview one in nine times and the other one in six