Class External factors Flashcards
What are the three extremely factors
Cultural deprivation
Material deprivation
Cultural capital
What is meant by cultural deprivation
The belief that many working class and black children are inadequately socialised by parents so lack the culture needed to succeed in school
What three categories fall under cultural deprivation?
- Language
- Parenting
- Subculture
Exaplain language in cultural deprivation
BURNSTEIN identifies two types of language code restricted and elaborate. Having an elaborate code means that textbooks can understood,Mideast can be expressed in a correct manner and students are able to understand their middle class teacher. As students were brought up listening to their parents speak in an elaborate code they feel more at home and are more likely to engage in learning and succeed. ENGELMANN found that working class parents often communicated with gestures or single words and disjointed sentences.
Evaluate Burnstiens language codes
Many members of the middle class do not speak fluently and speak at very levels and it is over generalised to say one socials group speak in specific way.
What is the parenting element of cultural deprivation ( DOUGLAS and FEINSTIEN)
Douglas- working class parents placed less value on education and did not have high expectations for their children in gaining qualifications FEINSTIEN found that parents own education is an important factor and middle class parenting involves, consistent discipline, encouraging learning and exploration, more likely to read to them and more likely to support them with their homework.
What is the subcultural factor of cultural deprivation
Cultural deprivation theories argue that parental interest in their child’s education reflects subcultural values of the working class.
What is a subculture
A group of people who share the same attitudes and beliefs that differ from those of mainstream society.
Within the subcultural element of cultural deprivation what does SUGARMANN identify
Key differences between the subcultural values and goals of the middle and working class E.g middle class focus on future time orientation whereas working class on present time orientation, differed and immediate gratification and a fatalistic vs a you create your own luck SUGARMANN segues that children internalises the values and goals depending on their
Evaluate cultural deprivation
KEDDIE: sees cultural deprivation as cultural blaming and argues that the idea that the working class are lacking is a myth
Exaplim what is meant by cultural deprivation
The lack of basic necessities e.g diet housing and clothing
What evidence is there for material deprivation, tends between poverty and underachievement
- 90% of failing students are from deprived areas
What is smith and nobles theory in material deprivation
‘BARRIERS TO LEARNING’ including
- students who can not afford uniforms, trips are bullied and made to feel isolated by their peers and therefore may not want to go to school
- families with low incomes are less likely to have access into internet
- families with low income may live in homes that are poorly heated, damp, cramped and this may result in ill health and absence from school
- unable to afford extra tuition
- unable to buy or rent housing in areas with desirable schools
What is Howard’s theory in material deprivation
Due to financial limitations the diet of students from poorer home sacked vitamins and minerals resulting in weaker immune systems resulting in difficulties in their concentration.
What is meant by cultural capital?
The tastes, language, values and knowledge of the middle class. Through socialisation middle class children develop skills of how to discuss analyse abstract ideas and have more of an interest in the issues discussed in the education system as it is a middle class system, run by middle class professionals and made to benefit middle class students. He argues that the working class suffer from a class deficit which as their lack of knowledge leads to exam failure.