social behavior & territory and mating

Question 1

territory defense

Answer 1

owner of territory has exclusive rights, indicative of the quality of the male

Question 2

individual spacing

Answer 2

feeding, or mating in shared areas with a small personal space for nesting

Question 3

songs

Answer 3

honest signal of male quality due to the energetic expense associated with it, indicates good resources and safety

Question 4

visual displays

Answer 4

displaying colorful or puffy feathers or throat pouches often along with a dance to impress a mate

Question 5

physical attacks

Answer 5

occasionally used to maintain, expand, or gain ownership of a territory; homefield advantage in which the male currently in power fights harder because he has more to lose

Question 6

flocks

Answer 6

groups of generally con-specific birds moving together to forage or evade predators; stay with their group who have similar flight abilities

Question 7

aggregations

Answer 7

unrelated birds gathered often over a common food source; may include several species; separate from one another when dispersed

Question 8

foraging

Answer 8

requires high energy, food is chosen not on size but on a number of factors making it optimal including lowest hunting and handling time

Question 9

dominance

Answer 9

establishment of a pecking order decreases fighting and therefore energy waste; established within groups based on size, age, gender, endurance, and or plumage signals

most often established among species by size

Question 10

leks

Answer 10

Performances where 2 or more males gather to display and or dance for a group of females who then select a mate

Question 11

egg dumping

Answer 11

laying eggs in other con specific nests to increase the survival of offspring even if the mothers nest gets raided

Question 12

monogamy

Answer 12

one male with one female, very few are truly sexually monogamous but maintain social monogamy; social monogamy is beneficial in the cost of rearing offspring but promiscuity increases number of your own offspring; most species pair for one nest

Question 13

polyandry

Answer 13

1 female and multiple males having several clutches; males incubate nests; females are larger than males and fight for territory; males have a sharp decline in testosterone levels immediately after the clutch is laid

Question 14

polygyny

Answer 14

1 male and multiple females in a territory, low male care for offspring; male territory highly influences matings, males with more nesting sites in their territory are favored

Question 15

polygyandry

Answer 15

multiple males and multiple females; up to hundreds of copulations per a single nest

Question 16

range

Answer 16

entire area on a map that species occupies

Question 17

habitat

Answer 17

environment with favorable characteristics for a species to survive in

Question 18

territory

Answer 18

small space within a habitat that an individual occupies

Question 19

habitat availability

Answer 19

dependent on climate and geography

Question 20

teste size

Answer 20

directly related to the mating strategy used based on the need for sperm competition

Question 21

non breeding nest helpers

Answer 21

typically relatives of the breeders, help raise others offspring in hopes of passing on their genes through a relative or inheriting limited territory; typically increases the number of fledglings

Question 22

brood parasites

Answer 22

can be inter or intra specific; laying eggs in another females nest in hopes that she will raise them saving you energy; can be obligate or opportunistic