Social Area

Question 1

What is the background to Milgram?

Answer 1

Between 1933-45 millions of innocent people were slaughtered because they were commanded to by authorative people.

Question 2

What is the research method of Milgram?

Answer 2

A controlled observation as there was no independent variable.

Question 3

Where did Milgrams study take place?

Answer 3

A laboratory at Yale university so conditions could be controlled. It isn’t a lab experiment though.

Question 4

How was data gathered for Milgram?

Answer 4

Through one way mirrors and the experimenter in the room.

Question 5

What was the sample in Milgram?

Answer 5

40 Male participants aged between 20-50. they were obtained through a newspaper article. They were all from the new haven area.

Question 6

What was the range of voltage in Milgram?

Answer 6

15-450 Volts

Question 7

When were participants debriefed in Milgram?

Answer 7

After they refused to generate any more shocks (end of experiment)

Question 8

How many participants reached 300 Volts in Milgram?

Answer 8

100%

Question 9

What % of participants reached 450 Volts in Milgram?

Answer 9

65%

Question 10

What are 2 possible conclusions from Milgrams research?

Answer 10

1. inhumane acts can be done by normal people
2. people will obey people who they believe have authority over them.

Question 11

What is the Background to Bocchiaros study?

Answer 11

Milgram found people were likely to obey people in authority. this study wanted to know who would disobey or blow the whistle.

Question 12

What is Bocchiaros Research method?

Answer 12

A laboratory experiment, but like milgram it has no IV

Question 13

Where did Bocchiaros study take place?

Answer 13

Laboratory at the VU University in Amsterdam.

Question 14

What was the sample for Bocchiaro?

Answer 14

149 undergraduate students- 96 women and 53 men. 11 participants were removed because of their suspicions about the study.

Question 15

What ethical consideration was followed in Bocchiaro?

Answer 15

Participants were informed of the task and potential benefits/risks. They were given the right to withdraw at any point with no penalty given.

Question 16

What was the basic outline of the cover story in Bocchiaro?

Answer 16

A study recently conducted in Rome harmed participants and they had major effects. the experimenter wanted to replicate this study and the participant had to nominate people to take part in the study.

Question 17

What were key Findings in Bocchiaro?

Answer 17

76.5% obeyed
14.1% disobeyed
9.4% blew the whistle

Question 18

What were 2 possible conclusions of Bocchairo?

Answer 18

1. people tend to obey authority even if its unjust
2. Behaving in a moral manner is challenging for people.

Question 19

What is the background to Piliavin?

Answer 19

The murder of Kitty Genovese and their was 38 unresponsive witnesses

Question 20

What was the research method for Piliavin?

Answer 20

Field Experiment that was conducted on the 8th Avenue New York Subway.

Question 21

What were the 4 IVs in Piliavin?

Answer 21

1. type of victim
2. race of victim
3. effect of model/ no model at all
4. size of the witnessing group

Question 22

What were the 6 DVS in Piliavin?

Answer 22

1. frequency of help
2. speed of help
3. race of helper
4. sex of helper
5. movement out of critical area
6. verbal comments by bystanders

Question 23

What was the sample in Piliavin?

Answer 23

4,450 men and women who use the New York subway between 11:00 AM and 3PM

Question 24

What were the 4 models conditions in Piliavin?

Answer 24

1. critical area- early
2. critical area- late
3. adjacent area- early
4. adjacent area- late

Question 25

What were the key findings of Piliavin?

Answer 25

The cane victim received spontaneous help 95% of the time. Drunk victim was only 50% of the time.

Question 26

What are the conclusions from Piliavin?

Answer 26

An individual who appears ill is more likely to get help than someone who is drunk.

Question 27

What is the background to Levine?

Answer 27

Studies conducted in several countries have found that people living in more urban areas tend to be less helpful.

Question 28

What is the research method for Levine?

Answer 28

A cross cultural quasi experiment that used an independent measures design.

Question 29

What was the 3 co-variables in Levine?

Answer 29

1. weather the victim dropped a pen.
2. weather the victim had a hurt/injured leg
3. weather the victim was blind and trying to cross a street.

Question 30

What was the DV in Levine?

Answer 30

The helping rate of the 23 countries used in the study

Question 31

What was the sample in Levine’s study?

Answer 31

Large cities in 23 countries. For the dropped pen situation it was only done on individuals walking alone.

Question 32

What was a key finding of Levine’s study?

Answer 32

The most helpful city was Rio De Janeiro. The least helpful was Malaysia.

Question 33

What was the conclusion in Levine’s study.

Answer 33

There are large cross cultural variations in helping rates.