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Psychology > Individual Differences > Flashcards

Individual Differences Flashcards

- freud - Baron Cohen - Gould - Hancock

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1
Q

What was the background to Freud?

A

Hans was a cheerful straightforward child until he developed his phobia. his behaviour then changed

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2
Q

What was the research method for Freud?

A

A longitudinal case study which lasted from when hans was 3-5 yrs old

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3
Q

How was data collected in Freud?

A

Hans father reported back to freud after questioning and observing hans

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4
Q

What was the sample for freud?

A

Little hans from the age of 3-5

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5
Q

What 3 fantasies did Hans have?

A
  • the giraffe fantasy
  • 2 plumber fantasies
  • parenting fantasy
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6
Q

What was a key finding from Freud?

A

Little hans fear of white horses was a subconscious fear of his father

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7
Q

What was a possible conclusion from freud?

A

provided support for his theory of psychosexual development and the Oedipus complex.

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8
Q

What is the background to Baron Cohen?

A

some evidence suggests that a TOM deficit is not a core cognitive deficit in autism.

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9
Q

What is the research method for Baron Cohen?

A

Quasi/natural experiment because the IV was naturally occuring

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10
Q

What is the IV in Baron-Cohen?

A

Having high functioning autism, normal adults and adults with tourette syndrome.

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11
Q

What is the DV in Baron Cohen?

A

the performance on the eye task

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12
Q

What was the sample for Baron-Cohen?

A

grp 1: 16 individuals with high functioning Asperger syndrome.
grp 2: 50 normal age matched adults
grp 3: 10 adults with tourette syndrome which were age matched with group 1 and 2

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13
Q

What did the basic emotional recognition test include in Baron Cohen?

A

Judging photographs which display basic emotion.

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14
Q

What was the key findings from Baron-Cohen?

A

Adults with TS was not significantly different from normal adults but both were significantly higher than the autism mean score

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15
Q

What was a possible conclusion to Baron-Cohen?

A

Adults with autism do possess an impaired theory of mind.

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16
Q

What is the background to Gould?

A

In 1904 Binet and Simon were commissioned by the French government to devise a test which would identify those children who wouldn’t benefit from ordinary schooling.

17
Q

What is the research method for Gould?

A

Not a piece of empirical research. it is an extract from goulds book. the study is a review article

18
Q

What is the sample for Gould?

A

1.75 million army recruits in the USA during WW1. Includes white americans and european immigrants

19
Q

What is the Army Alpha Test in Gould?

A

designed for literate recruits and consisted of 8 parts. The tests were extremely biased and mainly focused on american culture.

20
Q

What is the Army Beta test in Gould?

A

test designed for people that failed the Army Alpha test. this test was also culturally specific

21
Q

What is the individual spoken exam in Gould?

A

If recruits failed the other 2 tests they were then given this exam. This rarely happened though

22
Q

What was a key finding from Gould?

A

had a large impact on officer screening

23
Q

What are some possible conclusions from Gould?

A
  • IQ tests are culturally and historically biased
  • IQ tests do not measure innate intelligence.
24
Q

What is the research for Hancock?

A

Psychopathy was measured using psychopathy checklist revised. Used semi structured/ open- ended interviews

25
Q

What is the sample for Hancock?

A

52 male murderers (14 psychopaths, 38 no psychopaths)

26
Q

What was the outline to Hancock?

A

Participants were interviewed and they verbally explained their homocide in as much detail as possible

27
Q

What was a key finding from Hancock?

A

there was no significant difference in the average number of words produced by psychopaths and controls

28
Q

What is a possible conclusion from Hancock?

A

Psychopaths are more likely than non- psychopaths to describe the cause and effect relationships describing their murder.

Psychology (9 decks)

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