Individual Differences Flashcards
- freud - Baron Cohen - Gould - Hancock
What was the background to Freud?
Hans was a cheerful straightforward child until he developed his phobia. his behaviour then changed
What was the research method for Freud?
A longitudinal case study which lasted from when hans was 3-5 yrs old
How was data collected in Freud?
Hans father reported back to freud after questioning and observing hans
What was the sample for freud?
Little hans from the age of 3-5
What 3 fantasies did Hans have?
- the giraffe fantasy
- 2 plumber fantasies
- parenting fantasy
What was a key finding from Freud?
Little hans fear of white horses was a subconscious fear of his father
What was a possible conclusion from freud?
provided support for his theory of psychosexual development and the Oedipus complex.
What is the background to Baron Cohen?
some evidence suggests that a TOM deficit is not a core cognitive deficit in autism.
What is the research method for Baron Cohen?
Quasi/natural experiment because the IV was naturally occuring
What is the IV in Baron-Cohen?
Having high functioning autism, normal adults and adults with tourette syndrome.
What is the DV in Baron Cohen?
the performance on the eye task
What was the sample for Baron-Cohen?
grp 1: 16 individuals with high functioning Asperger syndrome.
grp 2: 50 normal age matched adults
grp 3: 10 adults with tourette syndrome which were age matched with group 1 and 2
What did the basic emotional recognition test include in Baron Cohen?
Judging photographs which display basic emotion.
What was the key findings from Baron-Cohen?
Adults with TS was not significantly different from normal adults but both were significantly higher than the autism mean score
What was a possible conclusion to Baron-Cohen?
Adults with autism do possess an impaired theory of mind.
What is the background to Gould?
In 1904 Binet and Simon were commissioned by the French government to devise a test which would identify those children who wouldn’t benefit from ordinary schooling.
What is the research method for Gould?
Not a piece of empirical research. it is an extract from goulds book. the study is a review article
What is the sample for Gould?
1.75 million army recruits in the USA during WW1. Includes white americans and european immigrants
What is the Army Alpha Test in Gould?
designed for literate recruits and consisted of 8 parts. The tests were extremely biased and mainly focused on american culture.
What is the Army Beta test in Gould?
test designed for people that failed the Army Alpha test. this test was also culturally specific
What is the individual spoken exam in Gould?
If recruits failed the other 2 tests they were then given this exam. This rarely happened though
What was a key finding from Gould?
had a large impact on officer screening
What are some possible conclusions from Gould?
- IQ tests are culturally and historically biased
- IQ tests do not measure innate intelligence.
What is the research for Hancock?
Psychopathy was measured using psychopathy checklist revised. Used semi structured/ open- ended interviews
What is the sample for Hancock?
52 male murderers (14 psychopaths, 38 no psychopaths)
What was the outline to Hancock?
Participants were interviewed and they verbally explained their homocide in as much detail as possible
What was a key finding from Hancock?
there was no significant difference in the average number of words produced by psychopaths and controls
What is a possible conclusion from Hancock?
Psychopaths are more likely than non- psychopaths to describe the cause and effect relationships describing their murder.
