Cognitive Area Flashcards
Loftus and Palmer - Grant - Moray - Simon and Chabris
What Does Schema theory propose in Loftus and Palmer?
Memory is influenced by what an individual already knows
What was the research method in Loftus and Palmers Experiment 1and 2?
Laboratory experiment using an independent measures design
What was the IV and DV in Loftus and Palmers experiment 1?
IV: The wording of the critical question.
DV: the estimated speed given by the participants
What was the dv in Loftus and Palmers experiment 2?
If participants saw any smashed glass
What was the sample for loftus and palmers experiment 1?
45 students were divided into 5 groups of 9
What was the sample for Loftus and Palmers experiment 2?
150 students were divided into 3 groups of 50.
What were the 5 verbs used in Loftus and Palmers experiment 1?
Hit
Smashed
Collided
Contacted
Bumped
What were the 2 verbs used in Loftus and Palmers experiment 2?
Smashed
Hit
What was a key finding of Loftus and Palmers experiment 1?
smashed produced the fastest speed estimation and contacted received the lowest.
What was a key finding in Experiment 2?
The majority in each group correctly recalled they had seen no broken glass
What is a possible conclusion in Loftus and Palmer?
The verb used in a question can influence someones response.
What does Context-dependent memory refer to?
Improved recall of information when the context present at encoding and retrieval are the same.
What was the research method for Grant?
Laboratory experiment using independent measures designs.
What were the IVs in Grant?
- weather the participant read the article in noisy or silent conditions
- weather the participant was tested in matched or unmatched conditions.
What was the DV in Grant?
The participants performance on the multiple choice test and the sort answer test.
What was the sample for Grant?
39 participants whos age ranged from 17-56. 17 were female and 23 male.
What were the key findings for Grant?
there was no overall effect of noise on performance
What was a possible conclusion for Grant?
Studying and testing in the same environment leads to enhanced performance
What is a theory for Morays study?
Attention has a selective nature
What was the research method for Moray?
All laboratory experiments as they all had an IV and DV
What was the Research method for Morays experiment 1?
- repeated measures designs
Iv’s: listening test and recognition test
dv: number of words recognised correctly in the rejected message
What was the research method for Morays Experiment 2?
- used repeated measures design
- iv- weather or not instructions were prefixed by the participants own name
- DV- the number of affective instructions
What was the research method for Morays experiment 3?
- used an independent measures design
-IV- weather digits were inserted in both messages or one- weather participants had to answer questions about the shadowed message at the end.
DV- number of digits correctly reported
What was the sample for Moray?
undergraduates of both sexes.
no number in experiment 1
12 in experiment 2
2 groups of 14 in experiment 3
What did Morays experiment 1 consist of?
a short list of simple words were presented in one ear and a shadowed prose message in the other. the word list was repeated 35 times. They were then asked to repeat all they could from the list.
What did Morays experiment 2 consist of?
Participants shadowed 10 short passages.
What does Morays Experiment 3 consist of?
Shown 1 of 2 dichotic messages.. numbers in the message was varied throughout.
What was a possible conclusion of moray study?
Important messages such as someone’s name can penetrate the block.
What is the research method for Simon and Chabris?
Primary laboratory experiment that used an independent measures design.
What were the 4 IVs in Simon and Chabris?
- The transparent/umbrella women conditions
- The transparent/gorilla conditions
- The opaque/umbrella woman conditions
- The opaque Gorilla conditions
How many individual conditions was there in Simon and Chabris?
16
What was the DV in Simon and Chabris?
number of participants in each of the 16 conditions who noticed the unexpected event
What were the materials used in Simon and Chabris?
4 videos lasting 75 seconds
What was the sample for Simon and Chabris?
228 participants- almost all undergraduate students. each volunteered of received a large candy bar for participating.
What ethical consideration does Simon and Chabris follow?
Participants were debriefed after the study
What was the key findings from Simon and Chabris?
54% noticed the unexpected event and 46% didnt.
What is a possible conclusion for Simon and Chabris?
Individuals have a sustained inattentional blindness for dynamic events
