Social and Personality Development in Middle Adulthood Flashcards
What happens to marital stability and satisfaction in mid-life?
Increase as conflicts over child-rearing decline and a sense of control increases
Shared friendships increase, while non-shared friendships decrease
What is skilled diplomacy in the context of marriage?
A problem-solving approach involving confrontation about an issue followed by efforts to restore harmony
What is the Sandwich Generation?
Middle-aged adults caring for both elderly parents and young children at the same time
What percentage of Canadian caregivers are in the Sandwich Generation?
Nearly 30%
What is caregiver burden?
The difficulties and challenges faced by those caring for seniors
What do most caregivers report about their experience?
They derive personal satisfaction or enjoyment from providing assistance
What challenges do high-intensity sandwich generation caregivers face?
Extra expenses, more work absences, and reduced quality of life
What factors shape parents’ feelings about their children leaving home?
Ethnocultural values, relationship quality, living arrangements, financial circumstances
What does the empty nest phenomenon refer to?
Parents’ feelings when their children leave home
What is the role of stem cells in disease treatment?
They can be used to treat diseases, but how to control their specialization is still unknown
What is generativity according to Erikson?
Finding meaning in contributing to the development of younger individuals
What is a common pattern of grandparenting?
Companionate relationships, where grandparents have frequent contact and warm interactions
What are the basic styles of grandparenting?
- Companionate relationships
- Remote relationships
- Involved relationships
What is the likelihood of being a grandparent as age increases?
It increases, with over three-quarters of Canadians over 65 being grandparents
What is the primary role of Canadian women in elder care?
They are most likely to be actively involved in caregiving for elderly parents
What is the prevalence of caregiver burden among daughters compared to sons?
Sons experience far less caregiver burden than daughters
What are the retirement preparation trends among Canadians aged 55 to 64?
~80% are preparing for retirement, but fewer than half know how much to save
What are the five approaches to nonwork pursuits in retirement?
- Wealth Builders
- Anxious Idealists
- Empowered Trailblazers
- Stretched and Stressed Boomers
- Leisure Lifers
What are the Big Five personality traits?
- Conscientiousness
- Agreeableness
- Neuroticism
- Openness
- Extraversion
What changes occur in the Big Five personality traits with age?
- Openness, extraversion, and neuroticism decline
- Agreeableness and conscientiousness increase until age 70, then decline
What is the life events approach in middle adulthood?
It focuses on normative and non-normative events and adult responses to them
What is role conflict?
Situations where two or more roles are partially incompatible
What is role strain?
The strain experienced when one’s qualities or skills do not meet role demands
What is the impact of involuntary nonmobility on workers?
It negatively impacts well-being and can lead to depressive symptoms
What is the relationship between job satisfaction and age?
Job satisfaction is typically at its peak in middle age
What is selective optimization with compensation?
A strategy to maintain productivity by selecting central tasks, optimizing abilities, and compensating for obstacles
What is the effect of re-employment on mental health after job loss?
It reverses negative patterns associated with job loss
What is the significance of the ‘keeper of the meaning’ stage in Vaillant’s revision of Erikson’s theory?
Focus on preserving cultural institutions and values for future generations
What are the psychological effects of adverse childhood experiences?
They can be compensated for through resiliency and effective coping
What is the significance of generativity in middle age?
It is positively related to mental health and is associated with rewarding work and civic engagement
What is work-related burnout?
Lack of energy, exhaustion, and pessimism that results from chronic stress
Burnout can significantly impact employee performance and satisfaction.
How can individuals avoid burnout?
By learning to pace themselves and relying less on external sources of job satisfaction
Self-management strategies are crucial for preventing burnout.
What is the shift in goal orientation among younger Canadian adults?
Younger Canadian adults have more career growth goals
This reflects a generational difference in workplace aspirations.
What do older workers focus on in their career goals?
Personal fulfillment, the nature of the work, job stability, and/or financial security
Older workers often prioritize different aspects of work compared to younger workers.
What effect do negative stereotypes toward aging have on older employees?
They perform worse on a range of memory, psychomotor, physiological, and social measures
Stereotypes can negatively influence performance and self-perception.
True or False: Older workers are more likely than younger workers to experience work-related burnout.
False
Older workers are less likely to experience burnout compared to younger workers.
