social and liberal reforms (1900-1918) Flashcards
when was the liberal party formed
1859
what 5 groups made liberal party
whig party
peelites
independant radicals
the non-conformists
chartists
who won the 1906 general election
won a landslide victory in January 1906
give 3 morals around New Liberalism
increased taxes on the rich in order to finance state intervention
increased government spending on social reform
collective responsibility
who was the Prime minister in 1906
Campbell-Bannerman
why did Asquith replace Campbell-Bannerman in 1908
Campbell-Bannerman died
give examples of 2 MP’s who believed in social reform
Lloyd George
Winston Churchill
give the 3 reasons for the liberal reforms
national efficiency- defence/war
influence of reformers/publications
desire to win the 1906 general election
national efficiency in industry
give an example of a study conducted showing the extent to the poverty in Britain in 1900s and summarise the findings
Charles Booth- Life and Labour of the people of London
35% of people in London were living in abject poverty and that this poverty was caused by a number of factors including illness, old age, irregular employment and poor wages, earning less than 21 shillings per week
when was the Boer War
1899-1902
how did the Boer War highlight the need for new liberalism
it was a small conflict yet had a detrimental effect on the military, showing that the population was not fit due to poverty to fight as seen by the 1/3 of volunteers who were unfit to fight
how was the industry a significant factor to introduction of new liberalism (3 reasons)
Britain had fallen behind Germany and USA in the steel production
low wage economy
20% fell in production
give an example of the an act that related to old age
Old Age Pension 1901
give an example of an act that related to low wages
Trade Boards 1909 introduced a minimum wage for workers in the sweated trades
give an example of an act that related to sickness
Medical Inspection of School Children 1907
give an example of an act that related to unemployment
Labour Exchange 1909 (provided a place for people to find work)
give an example of an act that related to working conditions
Merchant Shipping Act 1909 (improved standards of food on ships, accommodation)
give an example of an act that related to poor diet
Provision of Meals Act 1906 (provide free school meals)
what is a negative of the Provision of Meals Act 1906
children who are weak cannot attend school so wouldn’t eligible for the act
summarise what the Children’s Act 1908
it was illegal to sell tobacco and alcohol to children
what was the Old Age pension Act 1908
those over 70 were given 5 shillings per week
they have an annual income of less than £21
Old Age Pension Act 1908 (negatives)
you couldn’t receive a pension if you had been in prison for the last 10 years, claimed poor relief in the last year or not worked regulary
give 3 successes of Old Age Pension Act 1908
evidence of new liberalism
the state now had a duty towards a number of vunerable groups
what was the Trade Dispute Act 1906
reversed Taff Vale to ensure that trade unions on strike were protected from being sued by employers
what were the 2 parts that were covered in the National Insurance Act 1911
health insurance
unemployment insurance
summarise the health insurance provision section of the National Insurance Act 1911
workers were given sickness benefit for 10 shillings for 13 weeks but exceptions for women and the disabled
summarise the unemployment insurance provision section of the National Insurance Act 1911
insured workers had a payment of 7 shillings per week up to 15 weeks
what was the response to national insurance from labour
negative
not enough funds
believed it was a short term solution (didn’t tackle unemployment)
what was the response to national insurance from the conservatives
negative
goes against individual freedom
