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Modern history- Britain > Britain at war (1914-1918) > Flashcards

Britain at war (1914-1918) Flashcards

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1
Q

when did ww1 start

A

21st July 191

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2
Q

when did ww1 end

A

11th November 1918

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3
Q

what was the liberal party’s attitude to war

A

divided
many were pacifists
many were concerned over German military expansion

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4
Q

what was the conservative’s party’s attitude to the war

A

many were pro-war as the empire needed to be defended
some concerned about economic effects

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5
Q

what was the labour party’s attitude about the war

A

deeply divided
many pacifists (socialist- Marx theory)
necessary due to the threats UK faced by Germany

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6
Q

who was the PM during the start of the war

A

Asquith (liberal)

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7
Q

why did Britain go to war with Germany

A

Germany did not respond to Britain’s ultimatium

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8
Q

when did Britain enter ww1

A

11pm 4thAugust 1914

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9
Q

when France went to war with Germany why did Britain need to consider involvement in the war

A

Britain had an informal naval alliance with France

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10
Q

why was Belgium’s involvement in the war important

A

a long standing agreement (if Belgium was attacked Britain had to help)

Belgium was a small country so seemed unfair if they had to fight by themselves

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11
Q

define total war

A

a war which restricts normal everyday life

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12
Q

what is the defence of realm act

A

the act allowed government considerable powers to maximise production, keep military secrets and protect people

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13
Q

when was the defence of realm act passed

A

8th August 1914

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14
Q

what was the military service act January 1916

A

single men between 18-41 if liable were sent to fight on the front line

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15
Q

give one impact on children during the war

A

children took out of education, between 1914-17 600,000 children were took out of education to work

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16
Q

what was the demographic of those who had the highest death rates through the war

A

wealthier and healthier men as the working class men were too weak or unwell to fight

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17
Q

give one improvement of food during WW1

A

restrictions on alcohol meant there was more spending on food so people were achieving the daily calories or exceeding them
(spending rose by 60%)

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18
Q

give a problem with food during WW1

A

rationing was introduced in 1918, meaning there were long queues

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19
Q

when was rationing introduced

A

February 1918

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20
Q

why was housing a problem

A

there were less men to build houses so there was a housing shortage and there was less repairs so damp led to lung diseases

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21
Q

give an example of poor working conditions during the war

A

women worked in ammunition factories and 300 died

22
Q

how did working conditions increased during the war

A

900 factory canteens

23
Q

give 3 examples of government intervention

A

seperation payments (those who had a member who were in active service and were paid 23s for a wife and one child)

Care of mothers and young children 1915 (more midwives and provision of milk)

school meals extended throughout the year not just term time

24
Q

how many women served

A

100,000

25
Q

what was a disadvantage of women in armed forces

A

there was no officer ranks

26
Q

how many women worked in ammunitions

A

947,000

27
Q

how many women died due to chemical and explosions industry

A

300

28
Q

give 2 reasons why the roles of women still did not improve or change as a result of the war

A

there was still 1.25 million women in domestic service

taking on new roles was associated with the dislocation of war

29
Q

how could you argue that women gained the vote in 1918 due to achievements before the (give 3 ways)

A

radical actions could not be risked again

the work during the war enabled a different view on women

bills prior got considerable support

30
Q

how many women were part of the war effort

A

4.7 million

31
Q

give an example of an act passed that increased the women who could vote

A

J.W Lowther suggested that women over 30 could vote

32
Q

who was part of the coalition

A

liberal
conservatives
labour

33
Q

when was the coalition formed

A

25th May 1915

34
Q

give 3 reasons why the coalition was formed

A

conflict with liberal ideas

failures in war

shell shortages and leadership problems

35
Q

how did the war go against liberal ideologies (2 ways)

A

control over civilian lives

restricted trade

36
Q

give a military failure

A

Gallipoli

37
Q

who was the PM of the coalition at the start

A

Asquith (liberal

38
Q

who was minister of muntions

A

Lloyd George

39
Q

why was Churchill forced to resign

A

the failures of Gallipoli

40
Q

what was Henderson’s role

A

minister of education

41
Q

why was a leadership change needed

A

military failures (Battle of Somme)

42
Q

who proposed the three-man war cabinet

A

Lloyd George

43
Q

when was the three-man war committee proposed

A

1st December 1916

44
Q

give a statistic that argued Lloyd George would be more suited as PM rather than Asquith

A

80 MP’s were in support of Lloyd George in leadership

45
Q

what was the timeline from the 3rd-7th December that led to Lloyd George being PM

A

3rd- Asquith agrees to 3 man council

4th- Asquith withdraws his offer

5th- Lloyd George resigns

6th- Asquith resigns

7th- Lloyd George is PM

46
Q

give examples of policies that Lloyd George passed that angered some liberals (2 ways)

A

post war reconstruction (‘homes fit for heroes)

conscription in Ireland (angered Irish nationalists)

47
Q

what was the Maurice debate of May 1918

A

officer Sir Maurice complained about the inaccurate data about deaths on the front line to the public

48
Q

who was the leader of labour

A

Ramsey MacDonald

49
Q

why did MacDonald resign

A

the party did not oppose the government’s war budget

50
Q

what is the evidence that shows labour moved onto a more socialist ideology

A

labour and the new social order
Clause IV

Modern history- Britain (7 decks)

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