Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NCE studying notes > social and cultural foundations > Flashcards

social and cultural foundations Flashcards

1
Q

counseling that someone does for a client from a different cultural or social background is called

A

cross cultural, multicultural and intercultural counseling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the division that deals with multicultural counseling

A

AMCD (association for multicultural counseling and development)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

multicultural implies that we champion understanding other cultural perspectives, what else could mean multicultural

A

cultural pluralism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

culture refers to

A
  1. customs
  2. values
  3. attitudes, beliefs, art and language
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is cultural conflict the two it can be

A
  1. when someon has to deal with their home culture clashing with the culture they have moved into
  2. when two people from different cultures live in the same area
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does macroculture or majority culture mean

A

the dominant culture or the default for a given society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

when someone says they are working with someone who is culturally different they mean

A

the client belongs to a different culture from the helper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cultural relativity or cultural relativism refers to what

A

a behavior cannot be considered good or bad except in the context of the given culture it is placed in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

to diagnose clients from a different culture

A

the counselor will need information regarding the specifics of the culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

material culture refers to

A

the books, art and clothing a culture may have

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

nonmaterial culture refers to

A

beliefs languages and values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

items in material culture are called

A

artifacts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cultural awareness is

A

understanding cultural factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

culture epoch theory is the idea that

A

all cultures pass through stages similar to that of a child growing up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

DSM is most applicable to what kind of cultural background

A

those of European descent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

in the US each socioeconomic group represents a different what

A

separate culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

race refers to

A

physical features, genetic makeup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

national culture refers to

A

culture patterns common to a country

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the ideal culture is

A

how we are supposed to behave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

real culture is

A

how we do behave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

when someone opposes the stance of their culture they are considered

A

counterculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

which therapist was not instrumental in the early years of the social psychology movement

A

erik berne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

who was the father of transactional analysis

A

erik berne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how was freud involved in social psychology movement

A

his work on group psychology where he suggested a group was held together by a bond between leader and group by hypnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

how did durkheim affect social psychology movement

A

considered a founder of modern sociology, worked on suicide and what affected that and is assumed to have taken group phenomena away from the armchair and into research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

how did mcdougall affect social psychology as a movement

A

father of hormic psychology which is a Darwinian concept assuming that groups are driven by innate inherited tendencies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

() and () would say that regardless of culture humans have an instinct to fight

A
  1. freud

2. lorenz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

freud believed what in the sense of human’s fighting

A

we run on instincts of sex and aggression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

lorenz believed what in the sense of human’s fighting

A

believed that we are innatley aggressive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

() believe that aggression is learned so a child who views it in adults will try to replicate it in similar scenarios

A

social learning theorists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

social learning theory is also called

A

observational learning theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

who came up with and studied social learning theory

A

Albert bandura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

question 109 on page 93 study

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

daniel Levinson proposed a theory with several major life transitions. he did 2 things

A
  1. wrote the 1978 classic seasons of a man’s life and the sequel seasons of a women’s life in 1997
  2. postulated a midlife crisis for men between 40-45 and for women about five years earlier
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

the information levinson got does not really hold water anymore

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Levsinson Proposed four major stages what are they when do they occur and what do they entail

A
  1. early adult transition (17-22) moving out of family home
  2. age 30 transition (28-33) settling down period
  3. midlife transition (40-45) stressful time, deciding if goals were or can be met, and working through mortality now
  4. later adulthood transition (60-65) attempt to make peace with the world.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

the three factors which enhance interpersonal attraction are

A
  1. close proximity
  2. physical attraction
  3. similar beliefs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

proxemics is the study of what

A

the study of proximity in relation to personal space, interpersonal distance and terriotory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

the term contextualism implies that

A

context of a person’s culture should be considered when a certain behavior is observed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

carol gilligan was critical of kohlbergs theory of moral development as she felt it was

A

it focused more on the male perspctive of moral developemt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

women tend to focus in more on the cargivng anf personal responsibilty then men do who focus on individual rights and justice

A

t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

() helped to abet the multicultural counseling movement

A

the civil rights movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

what study tried toprove that black people had lower IQ’s due to genetic factors

A

arthur jensen tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

the tarasoff case had to do with what

A

the duty to warn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

when a counselor speaks of a probable outcome what are they refeering to

A

the prognosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

the prognosus us

A

the probabluty that one can recover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

when a counselor is talking about what they belive needs to happen from a psychotherepeutc perpscteive they are talking about what

A

recomendations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

some studies suggest that poor economic conditions correlate with

A

aggression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

a wealth of research demonstrates that

A

people prefer a counselor of the same cultural background

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

frutrtaiob aggression theory is associated with

A

john dollar and neal miller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

frustaton can lead to aggresion acording to dollar and miller. frustration occurs when you are prevented from reaching an outcome or goal

A

t

52
Q

the father of REBT

A

albert ellis

53
Q

ellis belives that furttraion only leads to aggressison because

A

people believe it will

54
Q

ellis belives that people resort to aggresio due to deindiviation which is

A

loss of a sense of self

55
Q

a popular balance theory in social physchology is () cognitve dissoance theory

A

festingers

56
Q

balance theory suggets that people struve for consistency/balance in terms of their belief systems

A

t

57
Q

a state of incompatbitly is nwn as

A

dissonance

58
Q

leon festerniger suggested that people are motivated to redcue

A

tension and discomfort

59
Q

culrue is considerd normative which means

A

it provides people with standards of conduct

60
Q

a statisical norm measures actial conduct while a cultural norm

A

describes how members of the culture are expeced to act

61
Q

mores are beliefs

A

regardit the rightness or wrongnes of behavior

62
Q

folkways are what

A

correct, normal or habitual behavior

63
Q

the differnece betwee mors and folkways

A

breakgn folkways oly causes emmbaresment while breaking mores can cause harm to others or end up endagering the existence of tge group

64
Q

first pioneer to focus heavily on sociocultural issues

A

frank parsons

65
Q

a counselor working with clients in polar regions and then at a point near the equator will need to keep what two things in mind

A
  1. national culture

2. ecological culture

66
Q

universal culture suggests what

A

we all have universal needs for food shelter water air and sleep

67
Q

ecological culture has to do with what

A

the way a culture operates and develops from a practical survival standpoint regarding the ecological conditions of their environment

68
Q

biological similarities and sameness are indicated by

A

universal culture, we are all more biologically similar than we are different

69
Q

early vocalization in infants

A

is nearly the same across culture and region

70
Q

in the 1920’s emory bogardus developed a social distance scale which evaluated what

A

how an individual felt toward other ethnic groups

71
Q

ethnic groups can be defined how

A

groups catagorized by language nationalauty, religion, or cultural attributes

72
Q

according to the foot in the door technique, which has two distinct steps, a counselor that needs to make a house visit should

A

ask to come into the home

73
Q

foot in the door technique defined

A

when a client agrees to a less repugnent reuest (step 1) then he or she will be more likley to comply with a request even more distasteful (step 2)

74
Q

most countries have an official language, stated veiwpoint and a cenral government relfected mainly by

A

national culture

75
Q

human and universal cultrue are the same

A

t

76
Q

third cultrue means what

A

financial markets, international law and other transcendin elements

77
Q

a culture differs from a society in that a society

A

is a self perpetuating idependent group which occupes a difinitive territory

78
Q

ethnocentrism

A

uses ones own culture as a yardstick to measure all others

ones own group is superior

79
Q

acculturation

A

ethnic and racialminorities integrate or adopt cultural beliefs and customs from the dominant or majority culture

80
Q

assimilation

A

when someone has such a high level of acculturation that he or she becomes part of the dominant, macro or majority culture

81
Q

regardless of culture, the popular individual has what

A

has good social skills

82
Q

modal personality

A

a personalkity typical of a articialr group

83
Q

social exchange theory postulates that

A

relationships endure if rewards are greater than costs

84
Q

balance theory postulates what two things

A
  1. a move from cognitive inconsistency to consistency

2. a tendency to acheive a balanced cognitve state

85
Q

mosr peope believ people they find attractive

A

have other posituve traits

86
Q

myths about working with the elderly

A
  1. intelligence declines

2. incapable of sex

87
Q

terminal drop or decline theory define

A

intelligence declines as you age. in truth this is really only true in the last five years of life

88
Q

a counselor seeing someone from a different culture would expect () social conformity than with someone from the same culture

A

less

89
Q

in the united states, a frequent practice is to see a perfect stranger for therapy but

A

in other culture it would not be the norm to see a stranger and receive pay for providing help

90
Q

in some cultures helpers do not accept fees unless the treatment is

A

successful

91
Q

state of consonance is what

A

a state of harmony we attempt to reach when we justify irresponsible behavior that does not align well with our values

92
Q

look at question 146

A

t

93
Q

in the US most people want a counselor who will what

A

help them work it out on their own

the reason for this is middle and upper-class Americans are taught that independence is a virtue, they would not want to rely on anyone like the others answers suggested

94
Q

cognitive dissonance research deals mainly with

A

cognition and attitude formation

95
Q

therapeutic surrender occurs when

A

a client allows themselves to trust the counselor and begins to open up

96
Q

factors that help with therapeutic surrender

A
  1. rapport
  2. trust
  3. listening
  4. conquering client resistance
  5. self-disclosure
97
Q

monolithic perspectuve with people means

A

someone sees all members of a group as the same

98
Q

three barriers to intercultural couseling are

A
  1. culture bound values
  2. class bound values
  3. language differences
99
Q

coonotation applies to the emotional contet of the word which is different from a dictionary definition

A

t

100
Q

semantic differential means

A

the same thing as connonation

101
Q

confounding variable is

A

a variable not introduced by the the experiemtnet that affects the result

102
Q

a position that wouldwork best for multicltural counseling

A

eclecticism

103
Q

emic comes from

A

a culture specific perspectuve from the word phonemic meanifn sounds in a particular language

104
Q

emic counselors are different from etic counselors in that

A

emic counselors believe people have their own perspectives and thoughts based on their culture and should be helped based on that

etic counselors belive that the commonalities of being a human overshadow this and any one therapeutic stye wold work for them by virtue of this

105
Q

emic in langage vs etic in langaueg

A

emic(sounds for words that sound different in other langauesg)
etic (sounds the same in any language)

106
Q

a counselor who starts working with an indigenous person looks up specifics of their culture and life style to help with the sessions. this counselor most likely holds what kind of view point

A

emic viewpoint, which holds that approaching people from their cultural perspective is best

107
Q

auto plastic view states what

A

change comes from within

108
Q

allo plastic views assert what

A

change can be made by altering environment

109
Q

African American clients are often

A

not very open with their feelings because they have been taught not to trust the system

110
Q

personalism in the context of counseling refers to

A

people needing to adjust to environmental and geological demands

111
Q

a client who has an alloplastic counselor may believe that the counselor is

A

attacking the system

112
Q

according to the theory of social facilitation by F.H. Allport someone left to memorize a number of numbers will do better with

A

a group of people

113
Q

in 1908, books by () and () helped to introduce social psychology in America

A

McDougall and Ross

114
Q

is associated with obedience and authority

A

stanley milgram

115
Q

milgram discovered normal people would inflict harsh punishment to anyone if they were presented this by a person they perceived as being an

A

authority figure

116
Q

the tendency to affiliate with others is highest in

A

first borns and only children

117
Q

dysthymia is

A

neurotic depression

118
Q

to qualify for dysthymia you have to

A
  1. have had it for over a year in children and adolescents or 2 years in adults
  2. not as intense as clinical
119
Q

a client tells his counselor he has a choice of two PhD schools to attend. Kurt Lewin would call this an

A

approach-approach conflict

120
Q

when a person has two negative alternatives it is called a

A

avoidance-avoidance conflict

121
Q

a man tells his counselor he is attracted to a gorgeous women who is also a violent drug addict. he is dealing with what kind of conflict

A

approach-avoidance conflict

122
Q

according to Charles osgood and Percy tannenbaum a client will accept suggestions from a counselor if

A

they like the counselor

123
Q

the muzefar sherif experiment on summer camp boys showed that

A

a cooperative goal can bring two hostile groups together

124
Q

who’s work predicted that if a majority of people think something the last would also agree

A

muzafer and sherif

125
Q

social class is more important to looking at introspection than culture as when you are higher status you have more () to think about concepts

A

time

126
Q

asian people tend to value self control and not spending too much time talking so the kind of therapy that would be best for them would be

A

goal directed and short

NCE studying notes (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions