Social And Cultural Changes In 1964-1970

Question 1

What media in society had undergone mass expansion?

Answer 1

-television
-radio
-print media

Question 2

How was there mass media expansion in television?

Answer 2

-Created uniformity of culture
-ended isolation of distant communities
-replaced cinema

(75%) population in (1961) had tv, by (1971) (91%) had tv. (16% increase)

BBC 2 launched in (1964) and by (1967) it became first channel to broadcast regular color programmes

(More popular programs were commissioned bY BBC when Hugh green became director)

Question 3

How was there mass media expansion in radio?

Answer 3

-it had became cheap and portable transistor
-car radios had increased
-(1964) young people had listened to pop music from radio Luxembourg at ‘pirate stations’
-radio one had formed after the ‘pirate stations’ were banned

[survived]

Question 4

How was there mass media expansion in print media?

Answer 4

-the sun launched in (1964) , replaced working class newspapers, and thrived in sales
-(1969) sun bought by Australian newspaper tycoon which enforced more permissive attitude which increased its popularity

Question 5

In which departments was there growth in leisure activities?

Answer 5

-leisure at home
-leisure time outside home
-leisure by traveling

Question 6

How was there growth in leisure at home?

Answer 6

-(1969) ITV account for 23% leisure time
-DIY & gardening were popular activities

-people still enjoyed traditional activities like cooking, knitting and needle work

Question 7

To what extent was there growth in leisure outside home?

Answer 7

RISE
•Beni restraint founded in Bristol established (147) branches by (1970)
•pubs were more popular (some only allow women in and had unofficial race bars)
•over 4000s working men’s clubs in 1960 that offered cheap food
•rise in 9 and 18 hole golf courses (bowling Lancashire 1965)
-FALL
•cinemas: (1960 sold 500 million tickets, 1970 sold 193 million tickets)
• in 1960-61 football league attract 3.9 million fewer spectators than season before

Question 8

To what extent was there growth in leisure by travel?

Answer 8

Cars: use of cars has increased by 39% between 1954/1974. Also more affordable & could travel to leisure activities

Caravaning: (1968) 20% holiday accommodations in Cornwall was in caravans

-abroad: Britain airways founded in (1964) with flights to Spain, Malta and Bulgaria BUT
—were mostly for middle class due to it being costly, was only 8.4% of total holidays by (1971)

Question 9

What scientific development occurred during 1964-70 society?

Answer 9

-developed supersonic Concorde aircraft in an Anglo French partnership

-(1965) post office tower was tallest building in Britain . Which improved telecommunication

(More important were development impacting people’s lives , contraception pill)

Question 10

What developments were there in censorship in society?

Answer 10

Lord chamberlains office had banned Edward’s binds “early mornings play (1967) but backbencher mp George stracces, introduced bill to abolish censorship with Roy Jenkins support, and passed in (1968)

The bill included:
-permitted nudity on stage
-stop lord chamberlains office from persecuting plays

[films showing screen violence & sex became more acceptable, darling (1965) & Alfie in (1966)
-push by tvs
-but wasn’t an immediate response because of it mainly legitimizing changes that already took place

Question 11

What progress was there towards female equality?(5)

Answer 11

-labour saving devices:
• washing machines, fridges, freezers, electric ions, freed women from kitchen

-increased availability for family planning:
• nation health service
family planning act (1967) allowed authorities to provide contraceptive pills and advice.
• (1970) matrimonial property act

-Increased education opportunities:
• Open university
• Growing female education in middle class

-increase avalibility for jobs:
• no shortage of jobs for women before (1970)
• (1970 equal pay act, gave equal pay for workers
[increased jobs and gave greater independence]

Attitudes towards women:
• books published “women the longest revolution” in (1966) changed attitude
• women lib group rose
• (1909) women national co-ordination committee put forward
-free contraception ,
-equal education,
-equal pay and
-24hour child care

Question 12

Why was there limited progress towards female equality?(5)

Answer 12

-labour saving devices:
• advertising reinforced the female role as an housewife

educational opportunities:
• women account for 28% students in higher education
•5% women reach managerial posts
• girls left school at minimum age

Job availability :
• most clerical services had poor pay & no prospect
• media poorly portrayed working mothers

Availability of family planning :
• illegitimate birth rates rose from 5.8% (1960) -8.2% in (1970)
• divorce rose

Attitude toward women:
• inequality & discrimination still existed
• tradition stereotype roles remained prevalent

Question 13

What is permissive society?

Answer 13

Time of sexual liberation, changing morals, and increasing acceptance

Question 14

What was the churches reaction to the permissive society?

Answer 14

Hostile to the contraception pills as it was contrary to gods law

Question 15

What were the consequences of permissive society?

Answer 15

-rate of sexually transmitted diseases increased
-rise in uncensored novels
-marry whitehouse campaigns
-rise in drug culture (Beatles turn to lsp)
-cocaine and heroine addicts 10x more prevalent

Question 16

What was youth culture like in 1960s? (8)

Answer 16

-young poeple clash with parents, fashion, music, moral standards
-rise in tobacco, alcohol and caffeine usage by teenagers
-(1969) more youth poeple spent time listening to music in there room than got to concerts
-women wore trousers
-men wore velvet, & brightly coloured fabrics
-music: listen to pirate stations and 1967 listen to BBC radio one
-cheap plastic records made music accessible
-rise in skinheads (shaved heads, braces and DMs)

Question 17

What were the anti-Vietnam war riots?

Answer 17

-(1966) Vietnam solidarity campaign gained mass support from university students

-(1968) violent scene at Vietnam war demonstration in London

In 1965teachings in Vietnam at Oxford university

Question 18

What were some of the reforms made to solve issues with immigrants? (1960s Labour)

Answer 18

(1965) race relations act: forbade discrimination in public places (exclude housing and employment)

(1968) commonwealth immigration act: limited the right to return to Britain for non-white commonwealth

(1968) race relations act: banned Racial discrimination in housing, employment, insurance & other services

Question 19

What were the ongoing issues with immigration and race in 1960s?

Answer 19

Complaints referred to race relations board which was 982 in the first year had 734 dismissed from lack of evidence

-(1968) Enoch powers so each “rivers of blood” which had 75% support shown in a gallop poll

-from race relations act (1968) only 10% of 1241 complaints received were upheld

-

Question 20

What were some positives about race and immigration in the 1960s?

Answer 20

(1964) Notting Hill carnivals set up which became an annual event celebrating ethnic communities