Social Flashcards
What is China’s worst criteria in terms of social indicator scores? What does this include ?
Opportunities
- personal rights
- personal freedom
e. g internet censorship
On what score only does India rank above China?
Opportunity
In terms of Basic Human Needs how do I / C compare to rest of world?
both populations population size is proving a burden
both rank poorly compared to Western nations
In what criteria is there the largest divergence between Western Nations and China / India?
Opportunity
Why does India’s low opportunity score, even though greater than China’s, reflect increasingly badly on it?
India is supposed to be the world’s largest democracy
China follows authoritarian communist political system
What type of elections are held in China?
No general elections
Although can vote for Local People’s Congresses
What type of elections are held in India?
no election to decide on the PM
public votes in the Lak Sabha (lower Parliament) who determine the PM
What is the trend in Asia in terms of industrialisation and democracy?
tend to move towards industrialisation before fully democratising e.g Taiwan
HDI rank India and China
India : 130th
China : 90th
Where is greater inequality present, India or China? What is happening to this currently?
China
China’s gini increasing quickly - so moving towards greater equality
Hong-Kong HDI rank - this links to what?
12th
colonial legacy
Number of people in poverty:
India
China
USA
India : 400million
China : 157million
USA : 1.6million (although mass government assistance)
In terms of poverty India and China have what rankings globally?
1st India
2nd China
Life expectancy at birth:
China
India
China : 76
India : 68
How many people is India adding to their workforce annually?
10million
What do demographics suggest about the future swing of growth?
the very factor which allowed China to have such growth is now swinging towards India’s favour
What will India’s % of dependents reduce from?
43.3% to 41.2%
What will China’s % of dependents increase from?
33.5% to 45%
Current populations;
India
China
- 36billion - China
1. 29billion - India
Why does India have the potential to take major growth from demographic dividends?
many other large economies dealing with ageing populations
What major factor is essential to countries taking advantage of their demographic dividends?
- continuity of governance
- secular governance
- competent governance
When will India overtake China’s population?
Between 2020-2030
May change due to relaxation of O.C.p
When did China introduce one child policy?
1970s
What was both China and India’s urbanisation % in 1990?
25%
China’s urbanisation %
India’s urbanisation %
- 5% - China
32. 5% - India
Adult literacy rates;
Why? What effect will this have?
India
China
India - under 70%
China : 95%+
China invests more in education
Greater levels of innovation (e.g more patents / domestic companies)
By 2050 what will the % of young dependents be like compared to now in India and China?
both make up a smaller % of population
Compare the fraction of China’s population not working in 2015 to 2050
1/3 of population dependents - 2015
1/2 of population dependents - 2050
Why is an increase proportion of dependents not good for China?
unfavourable ratio of working population tax payers to dependents
What are pensions currently restricted to in China?
only workers in state enterprises
Why will the number of people who can receive a pension in China decline soon under the current model ?
- growth of private enterprise
- modernisation of agriculture
What will China need to do to provide for their ageing population?
- adopt social security scheme ($$$)
- relaxation of OCP (2015)
India’s birth rate will continue to increase up to 2050. What will this put a strain on?
- healthcare system
- education
- resources for growing population
Number of people in slavery;
China
India
China - 2.9million
India - 14million (1/3 of global slave population)
Which view points to the extreme levels of poverty and slavery?
The Diplomat, View 2
Which view points to China’s one child policy now being a disadvantage in terms of China’s growth?
Time
Why can Time’s viewpoint on China’s demographics now be disputed?
Article was written in 2013
China has now shown flexibility and recognition of its ageing population via relaxing OCP in 2015
Argument for why the USA may still have advantageous population in terms of workforce;
high immigration levels
will sustain a younger, faster growing population
labour force may help them keep their position as a superpower
What is present in both India and China which may receive backlash from the West?
human rights abuses
some occasions of use of child labour
Is Chinese Confucianism a threat to US cultural hegemony? Explain.
How many Confucian institutes in 2015?
no - largely destroyed during cultural revolution and rise of communism
although a form of soft power via promotion of Chinese language and culture in Confucian Institutes worldwide
500 institutes in 2015
