Domestic Governance Flashcards
In India what % of national Parliament Seats were held by women?
12%
India’s election turnout
66%
USA’s election turn out
55-60%
The greater the democracy level, the greater the GNI per capita - what are India and China in relation to this trend?
both anomalies
China’s democracy index score;
India’s;
3 - China
7.7 - India
What does India’s moderate democracy index score show?
being the largest democracy doesn’t mean you are the most fairest, void of corruption or freest
Who ranks highest in GNI per capita in the democracy graph? Why may this be?
South Korea
smaller population = greater per capita wealth
Reason for why Chinese culture may not be as pervasive or have the potential to spread?
lack of democracy / freedoms mean culture is not thriving on a global scale
e.g only certain movies in production, censored newspapers
What was Bollywood’s earnings compared to Hollywoods?
20% of Hollywood’s earnings
Who sells more tickets in a year? Bollywood or Hollywood? What does this say about projecting cultural soft power?
Bollywood
Mass exertion of soft power via culture
What is a possibility of the rise of CHina’s middle class in terms of democracy?
may start demanding increased freedoms to spend their wealth
leading to tension / conflict / protest
e.g “Umbrella Riots”
What is happening to the number of daily protests in China?
Increased as long-term growth recedes
2011 : 3daily
2015 : 15daily
What does India’s democracy allow for opposition to? Give an example and explain why this may be a hinderance? Does China face this problem?
top-down projects
e.g opposition to nuclear over safety
leading to continuing energy insecurity
China does not face similar problems due to authoritarian government - faster infrastructure construction
What is it argued that in India is causing everyday consumers to find it more difficult to buy goods?
high inflation
What is argued can counter India’s high inflation?
more FDI into the country
via providing competition and inflation control
What type of model do China’s spending priorities conform to?
Roster’s “Take Off” model of the 1960s
with preconditions e.g infrastructure development
China’s spending on infrastructure (transport / energy / utilities) =
1/2 of all infrastructure spending in the Asia-Pacific region
Where has world’s largest hydroelectric potential
China
Healthcare spending as % of GDP:
India
China
India : 8%
China : 12%
Education spending as % of GDP:
India
China
- 3% India
16. 3% China
In India subsidies to help low income families = what annually
$60billion
15%+ of government spending
How many people in India below poverty line?
400million
What does India’s high poverty suggest about subsidies?
not effective in relieving poverty
not a sustainable solution to improving QoL
When did Delhi provide diesel subsidies? Why?
2002
to encourage water pumping and modernisation of agriculture
After 2002 diesel subsidies what % increase in cars were there in Delhi?
1000% increase
How many more in poverty in India than in China?
over 250million more people
Number of people below poverty line in China?
157million
% of population in Poverty :
India
China
India : 33%
China : 11%
Between 1980s and 2012 how many people were moved out of extreme poverty in China?
80million
Why may China’s value-added output not translate into domestic increase in QoL?
much generated in Special Economic Zones
so much of wealth is repatriated and not taxable
Infrastructure spending as % of total spending in
China;
India
50% - China
10% - India
Name X3 chinese infrastructure projects;
- Shanghai High-Speed Railway : 430kmph ++
- South-North Water Diversion Project
- 3Gorges Dam
Name a reason why China is easily able to implement infrastructure projects?
one-party state
top-down approach without obstacles
can bypass environmental and social considerations
Partly what is holding India back through their lack of infrastructure spending includes;
- unable to force people to move away from shanty-town slums in urban areas
- without infrastructure India cannot access ‘just in time’ markets
- mass health problems stemming from lack of security of tenure
- large proportion of people in ‘informal’ economy
no taxes / regulations
Why may communism be advantageous in development?
centralised decision making process
government approves which businesses are set up - so fewer failures and can advance a country’s agenda
Who are projects in China approved by?
State Council
