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Superpowers Geog > Balance of Power 2.0 > Flashcards

Balance of Power 2.0 Flashcards

1
Q

In 1990 what type of global power type was the world in?

A

USA was a hyperpower

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2
Q

2010 What type of global power type was the world in?

A

Unipolar

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3
Q

By 2030 what type of global power type was the world predicted to be in?

A

Bipolar

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4
Q

Historically whenever a new power has challenged an existing power, what has been the case?
Give examples

A

conflict ensues

e. g Cold War
e. g Japan-USA

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5
Q

What does the World Trends Report suggest the USA’s position will be in 2030?

A

Will remain a superpower

but with a declining status

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6
Q

What type of cycles suggest the theory of the global shift of power at different times?
Give examples

A

Kondratieff Cycles

e.g Great Depression

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7
Q

Define : superpower

A

globally dominant, with large economic, political and cultural influence and possesses global military reach

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8
Q

Define : emerging power

A

countries with potential to be a superpower

large and growing economy with increasing military and political influence

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9
Q

What type of power are IGOs an example of?

Explain this

A

SMART power

Involves CULTURAL HEGEMONY AND GEOPOLITICAL DOMINANCE at the negotiating table to maintain power and influence

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10
Q

IMF Votes :

China -

India -

USA -

A

China - 3.7%

India - 1.9%

USA - 16.8%

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11
Q

Why are many questioning the influence of MULTILATERAL IGOs?

A

questioning their legitimacy since they do not reflect the changing economic hierarchy

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12
Q

What is debt arguably used as a instrument for by IGOs?

A

as a means to implement their policies or ideologies in developing countries

e.g SAPs

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13
Q

How many members in NATO?

What is NATO?

What is NATOs aim?

A

28 members

alliance of powerful european and n.american countries

aim to maintain security of north atlantic and to promote democratic values

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14
Q

When did industrialisation begin?

  • UK
  • China & India
A

1800 - UK

1950 - China and India

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15
Q

What impact will military spending have on USA’s military alliances?

A

As military spending decreases,

= Washington less able to draw on historical alliances

= relationships will diminish

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16
Q

X3 factors holding back India’s ability to exert hard power’

A
  • limited military capacity
  • limited positions within IGOs
  • history of relative neutrality since independence
17
Q

What is cultural traffic?

give an example

A

the flow of cultural influence in one direction

e.g westernisation of the Chinese diet

18
Q

What is banal imperialism?

A

where one culture overpowers another

the receiving of culture passively

19
Q

What is electronic colonialism?

Is China susceptible to it?

A

spread of culture via multi-media TNCs (e.g SKY / CNN)

China is not very susceptible since content is strictly censored

20
Q

China is unlikely to challenge USA as a soft power. However, in what ways have they exerted cultural influence?

A
  • Beijing 2008 olympics provides global platform
21
Q

Factors for USA weakening;

A
  • vulnerability to TERRORISM
  • economic COMPETITION
  • international AUTHORITY UNDERMINED
  • DEPENDENCY
  • CONVERGENCE of MILITARY SPENDING
22
Q

Example of US being susceptible to economic competition

A

markets being stolen by BRICs
= declining number of Fortune 500s

weakened by financial crises and recessions

23
Q

How has the USA’s international authority been undermined?

A

certain foreign policy decisions
e.g Iraq / Afghanistan wars unpopular

many countries want a decline in the USAs hegemonic behaviour
= rise in anti-westernisation sentiment

24
Q

Historically what has been the ability of superpowers to maintain power?

A

unable to maintain power
e.g British Empire

Kontraditeff cycles often generate change

25
Q

Reason why the change of superpower influence may become more rapid than ever?

A

increased interdependence between countries and increasing rate of globalisation

26
Q

World Trends Report suggest what about the future global economy?

A

suggests it will be one of GROWING MULTI-POLARITY and thus GREATER FRAGILITY

27
Q

Why does the World Trends Report suggest the economy in the future will have greater fragility

A
  • absence of a hegemonic power

- emerging powers and superpowers will focus on domestic imperatives without regarding impact on others

28
Q

Why may the impacts of future global economic depressions be more cushioned in Europe, but not in India / China?

A

absence of generous welfare / social security systems in India and China

29
Q

Example of USA and multi-lateral IGOs being undermined by BRIC decisions in economics (2012)

A

2012 BRIC Summit

= proposal for south-south DEVELOPMENT BANK
(BRIC FUNDED)

alternative to World Bank

Superpowers Geog (10 decks)

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