social Flashcards
democratic democracy /dɪˈmɒkrəsi/
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prejudice /ˈpredʒədɪs/
1.an unreasonable dislike of or preference for a person, group, custom, etc., especially when it is based on their race, religion, sex, etc.
a victim of racial prejudice
Their decision was based on ignorance and prejudice.
prejudice against somebody/something There was often prejudice against people with disabilities.
prejudice in favour of somebody/something She admitted to a prejudice in favour of British universities.
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allegation(n) allege /əˈledʒ/
1.to state something as a fact but without giving proof
allege (that)… The prosecution alleges (that) she was driving carelessly.
it is alleged (that)… It is alleged that he mistreated the prisoners.
be alleged to be, have, etc. something He is alleged to have mistreated the prisoners.
allege something This procedure should be followed in cases where dishonesty has been alleged.
allegation /ˌæləˈɡeɪʃn/
1.a public statement that is made without giving proof, accusing somebody of doing something that is wrong or illegal
SYNONYM accusation
to investigate/deny/withdraw an allegation
allegation of something Several newspapers made allegations of corruption in the city’s police department.
allegation (of something) against somebody allegations of dishonesty against him
allegation about somebody/something The committee has made serious allegations about interference in its work.
allegation that… an allegation that he had been Indonesia
accusation /ˌækjuˈzeɪʃn/
1.a statement saying that you think a person is guilty of doing something wrong or illegal; the fact of accusing somebody
I don’t want to make an accusation until I have some proof.
There was a hint of accusation in her voice.
accusation of something accusations of corruption/cruelty/racism
accusation against somebody At the time, no one believed her accusations against him.
accusation that… He denied the accusation that he had ignored the problems.
privilege /ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ/
1. a special right or advantage that a particular person or group of people has
Education should be a universal right and not a privilege.
You can enjoy all the benefits and privileges of club membership.
Try not to abuse the privilege of being allowed more freedom.
2. the rights and advantages that rich and powerful people in a society have(disapproving)
As a member of the nobility, his life had been one of wealth and privilege.
3.something that you are proud and lucky to have the opportunity to do
SYNONYM honour
I hope to have the privilege of working with them again.
It was a great privilege to hear her sing.
privilege(V) formal
1.privilege somebody/something to give somebody/something special rights or advantages that others do not have
*underprivileged:having less money and fewer opportunities than most people in society
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protocol /ˈprəʊtəkɒl/
1.a system of fixed rules and formal behaviour used at official meetings, usually between governments
a breach of protocol
the protocol of diplomatic visits
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format /ˈfɔːmæt/
1.the general arrangement, plan, design, etc. of something
The format of the new quiz show has proved popular.
2.the shape and size of a book, magazine, etc.
They’ve brought out the magazine in a new format.
The book is now available in a slightly smaller format.
formation
1.the action of forming something; the process of being formed
the formation of a new government
evidence of recent star formation in the galaxy
formative
1.having an important and lasting influence on the development of something or of somebody’s character
the formative years of childhood
formative influences in the development of the labour movement
formality /fɔːˈmæləti/
1.a thing that you must do as a formal or official part of a legal process, a social situation, etc.
to go through all the formalities necessary in order to get a gun licence
Let’s skip the formalities and get down to business.
It only took a few minutes to complete the legal formalities.
2. a thing that you must do as part of an official process, but that has little meaning and will not affect what happens
He already knows he has the job so the interview is a mere formality.
Your acceptance into the club will be a mere formality.
3.correct and formal behaviour
Different levels of formality are appropriate in different situations.
She greeted him with stiff formality.
formalize
1.formalize something to make an arrangement, a plan or a relationship official
They decided to formalize their relationship by getting married.
2.formalize something to give something a fixed structure or form by introducing rules
The college has a highly formalized system of assessment.
formalization
1.he act of making an arrangement, a plan or a relationship official
the formalization of business relationships
2.the act of giving something a fixed structure or form by introducing rules
the formalization of decision-making
Formally
1.in a very correct way that is suitable for official or important occasions
OPPOSITE informally
‘How do you do?’ she said formally.
2.officially; in a way that follows an agreed or official way of doing things
The accounts were formally approved by the board.
3.through lessons, exams, etc. received in a school, college or university rather than just through practical experience
Although not formally trained as an art historian, he is widely respected for his knowledge of the period.
4.in the way that something appears or is presented
Formally, the distinction between town and country workers was clear, but in practice there was some overlap.
forum /ˈfɔːrəm/
1,an event or medium where people can exchange opinions and ideas on a particular issue; a meeting organized for this purpose
forum (on something) to hold an international forum on drug abuse
forum for something Television is now an important forum for political debate.
2.a website or web page where users can put comments about a particular issue or topic and reply to other users’ comments
an internet forum
It’s a forum where mothers can exchange advice, support and gossip.
society
1. a particular community of people who share the same customs, laws, etc.
modern industrial societies
demand created by a consumer society
Can Britain ever be a classless society?
They were discussing the problems of Western society.
in a society We live in a society that is obsessed with how people look.
These rights are necessary in a democratic society.
2.a group of people who join together for a particular purpose
a member of the drama society
the American Society of Newspaper Editors
I joined the local Genealogy Society.
3.the group of people in a country who are fashionable, rich and powerful
Their daughter married into high society.
a society wedding
4.(formal) the state of being with other people
SYNONYM company
He was a solitary man who avoided the society of others.
leadership
1.the state or position of being a leader
a leadership role/position
a leadership contest
the battle for the party leadership
Who will take over the leadership of the club?
under somebody’s leadership The party thrived under his leadership.
2.the ability to be a leader or the qualities a good leader should have
Strong leadership is needed to captain the team.
Many in the party have criticized his lack of leadership.
leadership qualities/skills
In his resignation speech he condemned her leadership style.
leadership in something They called on the United State to show greater leadership in the fight against international terrorism.
leadership in doing something She criticized the industrialized nations for failing to provide leadership in tackling climate change.
3. a group of leaders of a particular organization, etc.
The party leadership is/are divided.
famine /ˈfæmɪn/
1.a lack of food during a long period of time in a region
a severe famine
disasters such as floods and famine
the threat of widespread famine in the area
to raise money for famine relief
hierachy /ˈhaɪərɑːki/
1. a system, especially in a society or an organization, in which people are organized into different levels of importance from highest to lowest
the social/political hierarchy
She’s quite high up in the management hierarchy.
2.the group of people in control of a large organization or institution
It was on orders from the party hierarchy that she dropped the investigation.
3.(formal) a system that ideas or beliefs can be arranged into according to their importance
a hierarchy of needs
