Social 1) Differential Association Theory

Question 1

Exposure

Answer 1

Criminal behaviour is learnt by exposure to crime - tendency to copy behaviour.

Question 2

Environment

Answer 2

Through environment mixing with those who have a criminal tendency as they will see it as accepted behaviour.

Question 3

Degree of Criminality

Answer 3

The degree of criminality depends on the frequency of exposure to criminal behaviour.

Question 4

Evidence

Answer 4

There is evidence that if you put minor criminals in prison they will reoffend on their release as they learned additional criminal activities.

Question 5

Sutherland

Answer 5

Theories are supported by Short et al.

Question 6

Short

Answer 6

Found a positive correlation between criminals and their associates.

Question 7

Other research

Answer 7

Suggests that not everyone is influence by the behaviour of their associates, some people can be objective.

Question 8

Osborn and West

Answer 8

Disagree; criminal behaviour runs in families.
In a family, if father has a criminal conviction, 40% of sons under 18 with also have a criminal conviction.
13% of sons are criminal if they are in non-criminal families.