Individual 2) Cognitive Theory

Question 1

Criminals

Answer 1

They have a distorted view of reality; irrational thinking; perception of events are inaccurate - but they believe they are accurate.

Question 2

Lack of Reality

Answer 2

Hostile Attribution Bias - have a distorted view when they observe others; they perceive hate and imagine the worst; may increase level of aggression.
Minimisation - under exaggerate consequences.

Question 3

Criticisms of HAB

Answer 3

Some research support.

Schonenberg and Justye - the theory partially explains the cognitive view.

Question 4

Kennedy and Gubin

Answer 4

Minimisation theory applies to sex offenders; seen them as normal behaviour.
Marauna and Mann supports.

Question 5

Kohlberg

Answer 5

3 levels of moral reasoning:

1) Pre-conventional - most at this stage.
2) Conventional - “right behaviour”.
3) Post-conventional - “for good of all”.

Question 6

Gudjonssen et al.

Answer 6

Used OMQ - 38% didn’t consider consequences; 36% believed they wouldn’t be caught.
But, all research on men.