Soc Sci S2 Facts Flashcards
During what epoch did humans have thrive like never before
Holocene
What is the last surviving members of the Homo genus
Homo sapiens
Humans thrived under what conditions
Conditions of the Holocene
What ended at the start of the Holocene
the last ice age
Most of human history took place in what epoch
Pleistocene Epoch
What covered vast portions of the Earth’s surface during the Pleistocene Epoch
glaciers
What characterizes the Pleistocene Epoch
Cycles of glaciers growing or receding and at times, covering vast portions of the Earth’s surface
Parts of Europe that were covered by ice in the Last Glacial Maximum
Scandinavia, the British Isles, and parts of Central Europe
Parts that were covered by ice in the Last Glacial Maximum
Part of Europe including Scandinavia, the British Isles, and parts of Central Europe, and most of North America
Which continent experienced permafrost during the LGM
Asia
What has happened to the ice in the world’s ocean since the LGM
the ice has receded and melted into the ocean, but not evenly over time
Warming caused by what contributed to a major glacial meltwater event that started around 14,000 years ago
solar cycles
What effect did the major glacial meltwater have on the ocean and warming trends
It cooled ocean temperature and reversed warming trends for roughly a millennium
What was the cold millennium (c. 12,900 - 11,700 years ago) known as
Younger Dryas period
Throughout what period does the interglacial period follow a longer pattern of ice growing and receding in cycles
The Quaternary Period
WHat epochs does the Quaternary Period consist of
the Pleistocene and the Holocene
What affects the amount of solar energy the Earth absorbs at different times
Milankovitch cycles
What is the dominant forcing that moves the climate back and forth between ice ages and interglacial warm periods
the differences in solar energy over time
According to the factors that had dominated the Earth’s climate, what should the Earth be doing right now
The Earth would likely be cooling right now
What is the Earth doing instead of cooling
The planet is rapidly warming
Another name for the Early Holocene Subseries/Subepoch
Greenlandian Stage/Age
Another name for the Middle Holocene Subseries/Subepoch
Northgrippian Stage/Age
Another name for the Late Holocene Subseries/Subepoch
Meghalayan Stage/Age
What occurred during the warmest period of the Holocene
The Early Holocene
The ending date of the Early Holocene coincides with what event
A meltwater even in Canada when a glacial ice sheet collapsed
The classification of the Early Holocene as the Greenlandian Stage/Age refers to what
The ice core in Greenland, NGRIP2
What bears evidence of the onset of the Holocene at a depth of 1,492.45 meters into the ice
The ice core in Greenland, NGRIP2
What have humans already done by the start of the Holocene
Humans had already migrated out of Africa
Where did humans migrate at the start of the Holocene
migrated out of Africa across Eurasia to the east and west, to Australia, and to the Americas from the north to south
New research have investigates human practices during the Early Holocene where
The Iberian Peninsula at the western edge of Europe and in Madagascar off the east coast of Africa
In North America, the beginning of the Holocene appears to coincide with
the extinction of dozens of large mammals
During the Early Holocene humans still what
Largely hunted and maintained mobile communities
What practices increased during the Early Holocene
Agricultural practices
What does the Middle Holocene refer to
An ice core from the same location in Greenland bearing evidence of cooling temperatures compared to the Early Holocene
Where was the collapse of the glacial Laurentide Ice Sheet
Canada
What did the collapse of the glacial Laurentide Ice Sheet lead to
Accelerated the flow of icy water into the ocean
DEspite the flow of cold water into the ocean, what as the temperature in the Northern Hemisphere
High
Why did temperatures begin to decline around 7,300 years ago, between 5300 and 2700 BCE
Weakened solar energy
What developments were seen in Eurasia during the Middle Holocene
The development of some practices that have traditionally been regarded as key historical markers for humanity
What transition was seen in the later centuries of the Middle Holocene
Stone Age to Bronze Age
What did humans begin to utilize during the transition from Stone Age to Bronze Age
Metal instruments
The most notable socially stratified agricultural society around 5,500 years ago , or 3500 BCE
Mesopotamia civilization
The Holocene Turnover abrupt changes in atmospheric and oceanic conditions led to what
Sudden alterations in weather conditions around the world
Historical narratives of various parts of the world date back to
the start of the Late Holocene or earlier
What is one pitfall in the scholarly fields in climatology
They typically date past events according to how long ago they happened
What do Western scholars and global scholars use to find dates
They use a calendar system that counts down to the year 0, corresponding with the estimated date of the birth of Jesus, and backed up from there
Another pitfall in the scholarly fields in climatology
It’s hard to conceptually grasp the different scales of the historical timelines for each
The whole human history from the start of the Mesopotamia civilization to the present falls within a
tiny sliver of climate history
WHat have humans done starting around 3500 BCE
cultivated some crops
What societies were larger than previous human settlements
New agriculturally based societies