Soc Exam 3

Question 1

principle of variation in nature*

Answer 1

no two living things are exactly the same. discovered when kinsey studied gall wasps

Question 2

primary sex characteristics

Answer 2

genitals, organs used for reproduction

Question 3

100% sample groups*

Answer 3

try to get everyone in a sample group to participate

Question 4

white collar crime

Answer 4

generally non-violent and includes people in high up positions in elite corporations committing crimes. Public corruption, money laundering, tax frauf, etc.

Question 5

extramarital sex

Answer 5

when someone who is married has sexual relations with someone other than their spouse

Question 6

informal responses

Answer 6

warnings, telling to keep quiet before calling the police

Question 7

when was the birth control pill introduced

Answer 7

1960

Question 8

formal responses

Answer 8

calling police or getting authority involved

Question 9

crime

Answer 9

violation of society’s formally enacted criminal laws

Question 10

Why was kinsey’s research not totally reliable?

Answer 10

he got people on the fringes of society at the expense of the majority. he oversampled groups that were not representative of majority.

Question 11

when did the sexual revolution happen?

Answer 11

1960s

Question 12

date rape

Answer 12

forcible sexual violence against women by men they know. accounts for 70% of all rape.

Question 13

informal social control

Answer 13

reactions of individuals and groups that bring conformity to norms and laws. peer and community pressure

Question 14

Hirschi’s social control theory (STUDY)

Answer 14

crime as a result of social institutions losing control over individuals. Weak institutions such as certain types of families, the breakdown of local communities, and the breakdown of trust in the government and the police are all linked to higher crime rates.

Question 15

definition of sex

Answer 15

biological distinction between males/females

Question 16

biological approach

Answer 16

believes behavior to be as a consequence of our genetics and physiology

Question 17

alfred kinsey

Answer 17

set stage for sex revolution, published study of sexuality in 1948.

Question 18

formal social control

Answer 18

means of social control exercised by the government and other organizations

Question 19

symbolic interaction analysis of sex

Answer 19

all social patterns involving sex have seen considerable change over time. the broader our view, the more variation we see in the meanings people attach to sexuality

Question 20

sexual orientation

Answer 20

person’s romantic and emotional attraction to another person

Question 21

Sutherland’s differential association theory

Answer 21

deviant behavior is learned, if we associate ourselves with people who are deviant, we are likely to act that way

Question 22

consensus view of law (STUDY)

Answer 22

what should or not be illegal based on agreement of values among members, organized to protect general public interests

Question 23

pansexual

Answer 23

attraction not limited in terms of biological sex, gender, or gender identity

Question 24

prostitution

Answer 24

selling of sexual services has reached 1 in 5 men at some point in time. highest in poor countries

Question 25

freud's view of sexuality (STUDY)

Answer 25

everyone is naturally bisexual, male homosexuality is from unresolved oedipal complex, lesbians can't have their fathers & reject him and all men

Question 26

pluralism view of law (STUDY)

Answer 26

recognizes power and influence, even relatively powerless groups can have a voice

Question 27

what did Durkheim say about deviance

Answer 27

deviance is vital and necessary. provides boundaries, order, and social control. illustrates what is and not acceptable

Question 28

incest taboo

Answer 28

forbidding sex relations or marriage between certain relatives

Question 29

criticisms of pornography

Answer 29

political issues, cultural issues, degradation of women, violence against women

Question 30

secondary deviance *

Answer 30

person begins to take on a deviant identity, ex) gang violence

Question 31

secondary sex characteristics

Answer 31

bodily development apart from the genitals ex) development of breasts, fat distribution, pitch of voice

Question 32

medicalization of deviance

Answer 32

Growing influence of psychiatry and medicine in U.S has influenced definitions of deviance. High energy= ADHD thief= kleptomaniac

Question 33

degradation ceremony

Answer 33

action or ritual publicly redefining someone's identity (stripped of rank, sentenced guilty)

Question 34

deviance

Answer 34

recognized violation of cultural norms

Question 35

primary deviance

Answer 35

has little effect on a person's self-concept. ex) underaged drinking and smoking, mostly goes unpunished

Question 36

structual functional analysis of sexuality

Answer 36

importance of regulating sexual behavior to ensure marital cohesion and family stability. sex allows us to reproduce

Question 37

conflict view of law

Answer 37

society composed of groups with conflicting values and interests, state represents value and interests of powerful groups

Question 38

what kind of countries have higher rates of prostitution?

Answer 38

low-income countries

Question 39

country with highest rate of teen pregnancy

Answer 39

The U.S.

Question 40

who was lombroso and what did he study

Answer 40

studied criminals and stated that they stood out in society physically. said they looked like our apelike ancestors

Question 41

when was same sex marriage legalized?

Answer 41

2013

Question 42

bisexuality

Answer 42

sexual attraction to people of both sexes

Question 43

when did the sexual counter revolution happen?

Answer 43

Early 1980s

Question 44

arguments why prostitution should be legal

Answer 44

sometimes the only work a woman has access to and it is a victimless crime

Question 45

types of prostitution

Answer 45

Elite prostitutes- call girls Middle class prostitutes- massage parlors/brothels Low class prostitutes- streetwalkers

Question 46

homophobia

Answer 46

discomfort over close personal interaction with people thought to be gay, lesbian, or bisexual

Question 47

asexuality

Answer 47

no sexual attraction to people of either sex

Question 48

social norms

Answer 48

generally agreed upon guide for behavior, sets boundaries for interpersonal relations

Question 49

What did Merton say about strain

Answer 49

Crime is a result of strain between legitimate goals and lack of opportunities to achieve those goals.

Question 50

social conflict analysis of sexuality

Answer 50

sexuality reflects and creates social inequality. defining women in sexual terms amounts to devaluing them from full human beings into objects of men's interests

Question 51

sexual violence and rape

Answer 51

used to humiliate or control other person. 90,000 women raped every year.

Question 52

functions of deviance

Answer 52

1) identity 2) warning of change 3) scapegoating 4) employment

Question 53

labeling theory and deviance

Answer 53

once an individual is labeled deviant they will then participate in deviant behavior

Question 54

intersexuals

Answer 54

one who is born with genitalia and/or secondary sex characteristics determined as neither exclusively male nor female

Question 55

Kinsey scale

Answer 55

accounted for research findings that showed people did not fit into exclusive heterosexual or homosexual categories. 0 (heterosexual) through 6 (homosexual), 3 being bisexual

Question 56

myths about rape

Answer 56

rape always involves strangers women provoke their attackers rape is simply sex

Question 57

retrospective interpretation (STUDY)

Answer 57

the reassessment of a person's past to fit a current label ("remember that time..." to support new label) using someone's past to justify their new deviant label

Question 58

gender markers*

Answer 58

exagerrated gender characteristics to send messages (shoulders, high heels, corsets)