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Sociology > Soc Exam 3 > Flashcards

Soc Exam 3 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

principle of variation in nature*

A

no two living things are exactly the same. discovered when kinsey studied gall wasps

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2
Q

primary sex characteristics

A

genitals, organs used for reproduction

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3
Q

100% sample groups*

A

try to get everyone in a sample group to participate

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4
Q

white collar crime

A

generally non-violent and includes people in high up positions in elite corporations committing crimes. Public corruption, money laundering, tax frauf, etc.

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5
Q

extramarital sex

A

when someone who is married has sexual relations with someone other than their spouse

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6
Q

informal responses

A

warnings, telling to keep quiet before calling the police

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7
Q

when was the birth control pill introduced

A

1960

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8
Q

formal responses

A

calling police or getting authority involved

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9
Q

crime

A

violation of society’s formally enacted criminal laws

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10
Q

Why was kinsey’s research not totally reliable?

A

he got people on the fringes of society at the expense of the majority. he oversampled groups that were not representative of majority.

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11
Q

when did the sexual revolution happen?

A

1960s

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12
Q

date rape

A

forcible sexual violence against women by men they know. accounts for 70% of all rape.

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13
Q

informal social control

A

reactions of individuals and groups that bring conformity to norms and laws. peer and community pressure

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14
Q

Hirschi’s social control theory (STUDY)

A

crime as a result of social institutions losing control over individuals. Weak institutions such as certain types of families, the breakdown of local communities, and the breakdown of trust in the government and the police are all linked to higher crime rates.

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15
Q

definition of sex

A

biological distinction between males/females

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16
Q

biological approach

A

believes behavior to be as a consequence of our genetics and physiology

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17
Q

alfred kinsey

A

set stage for sex revolution, published study of sexuality in 1948.

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18
Q

formal social control

A

means of social control exercised by the government and other organizations

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19
Q

symbolic interaction analysis of sex

A

all social patterns involving sex have seen considerable change over time. the broader our view, the more variation we see in the meanings people attach to sexuality

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20
Q

sexual orientation

A

person’s romantic and emotional attraction to another person

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21
Q

Sutherland’s differential association theory

A

deviant behavior is learned, if we associate ourselves with people who are deviant, we are likely to act that way

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22
Q

consensus view of law (STUDY)

A

what should or not be illegal based on agreement of values among members, organized to protect general public interests

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23
Q

pansexual

A

attraction not limited in terms of biological sex, gender, or gender identity

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24
Q

prostitution

A

selling of sexual services has reached 1 in 5 men at some point in time. highest in poor countries

25
Q

freud’s view of sexuality (STUDY)

A

everyone is naturally bisexual, male homosexuality is from unresolved oedipal complex, lesbians can’t have their fathers & reject him and all men

26
Q

pluralism view of law (STUDY)

A

recognizes power and influence, even relatively powerless groups can have a voice

27
Q

what did Durkheim say about deviance

A

deviance is vital and necessary. provides boundaries, order, and social control. illustrates what is and not acceptable

28
Q

incest taboo

A

forbidding sex relations or marriage between certain relatives

29
Q

criticisms of pornography

A

political issues, cultural issues, degradation of women, violence against women

30
Q

secondary deviance *

A

person begins to take on a deviant identity, ex) gang violence

31
Q

secondary sex characteristics

A

bodily development apart from the genitals ex) development of breasts, fat distribution, pitch of voice

32
Q

medicalization of deviance

A

Growing influence of psychiatry and medicine in U.S has influenced definitions of deviance. High energy= ADHD thief= kleptomaniac

33
Q

degradation ceremony

A

action or ritual publicly redefining someone’s identity (stripped of rank, sentenced guilty)

34
Q

deviance

A

recognized violation of cultural norms

35
Q

primary deviance

A

has little effect on a person’s self-concept. ex) underaged drinking and smoking, mostly goes unpunished

36
Q

structual functional analysis of sexuality

A

importance of regulating sexual behavior to ensure marital cohesion and family stability. sex allows us to reproduce

37
Q

conflict view of law

A

society composed of groups with conflicting values and interests, state represents value and interests of powerful groups

38
Q

what kind of countries have higher rates of prostitution?

A

low-income countries

39
Q

country with highest rate of teen pregnancy

A

The U.S.

40
Q

who was lombroso and what did he study

A

studied criminals and stated that they stood out in society physically. said they looked like our apelike ancestors

41
Q

when was same sex marriage legalized?

A

2013

42
Q

bisexuality

A

sexual attraction to people of both sexes

43
Q

when did the sexual counter revolution happen?

A

Early 1980s

44
Q

arguments why prostitution should be legal

A

sometimes the only work a woman has access to and it is a victimless crime

45
Q

types of prostitution

A

Elite prostitutes- call girls
Middle class prostitutes- massage parlors/brothels
Low class prostitutes- streetwalkers

46
Q

homophobia

A

discomfort over close personal interaction with people thought to be gay, lesbian, or bisexual

47
Q

asexuality

A

no sexual attraction to people of either sex

48
Q

social norms

A

generally agreed upon guide for behavior, sets boundaries for interpersonal relations

49
Q

What did Merton say about strain

A

Crime is a result of strain between legitimate goals and lack of opportunities to achieve those goals.

50
Q

social conflict analysis of sexuality

A

sexuality reflects and creates social inequality. defining women in sexual terms amounts to devaluing them from full human beings into objects of men’s interests

51
Q

sexual violence and rape

A

used to humiliate or control other person. 90,000 women raped every year.

52
Q

functions of deviance

A

1) identity
2) warning of change
3) scapegoating
4) employment

53
Q

labeling theory and deviance

A

once an individual is labeled deviant they will then participate in deviant behavior

54
Q

intersexuals

A

one who is born with genitalia and/or secondary sex characteristics determined as neither exclusively male nor female

55
Q

Kinsey scale

A

accounted for research findings that showed people did not fit into exclusive heterosexual or homosexual categories. 0 (heterosexual) through 6 (homosexual), 3 being bisexual

56
Q

myths about rape

A

rape always involves strangers
women provoke their attackers
rape is simply sex

57
Q

retrospective interpretation (STUDY)

A

the reassessment of a person’s past to fit a current label (“remember that time…” to support new label) using someone’s past to justify their new deviant label

58
Q

gender markers*

A

exagerrated gender characteristics to send messages
(shoulders, high heels, corsets)

Sociology (4 decks)

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