Soc Chapters 1-4 Flashcards
August conte
founder of ociology
favored positivism
saw sociology as product of a 3 stage historical development
andre-michel guerry
essai- launched sociology
one of the founders of moral statistics
quetelet
developed idea of “average person”
can find average by looking responses
one of the founders of moral statistics
herbert spencer
2nd founder of sociology, lower and higher forms of society
“survival of the fittest”
max weber
importance of religion in social change
multidimensionality of class
social economic status
*Charles H. Cooley
Developed looking glass self theory, in the mirror is not reality but it is a projection of what others see
sigmund freud
the conscious is developed through interactions with others
*structural-functional paradigm
sees society as a complex system whose parts work together. lives are guided by social structures
eufunctions
things that make life easier
dysfunctions
makes life more difficult
*social conflict paradigm
sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change
*gender-conflict theory
focuses on inequality and conflict between women and men
*race-conflict theory
focuses on inequality and conflict between people of different racial and ethnic categories
*symbolic-interaction paradigm
sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals
*stability and variation
stable rates from year to year, rates vary from place to place
Emile Durkheim
1987 book: suicide studied interpersonal relationships and suicide
Karl marx
engine of human history is class conflict
bourgeoisie vs proletariat
harriet martineau
1st important female sociology figure
her work was widely ignored because of gender
*W.E.B Du Bois
Civil rights advocate, founded and led NAACP, studied discrimmination issues
Jane Addams
Founder of hull house, advocate for women’s suffrage
primary group
a small social group whose members share personal and lasting relationships
secondary group
a large and impersonal social group whose members pursue a specific goal or activity
interpretive sociology
the study of society that focuses on the meanings people attach to their social world (symbolic interaction approach)
critical sociology
the study of society that focuses on the need for social change
nonmaterial culture
ideas created by members of a society
material culture
tangible things created by members of a society
*Sapir-Whorf thesis
people perceive the world through the cultural lens of language
norms
rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members
folkways
norms for routine or casual interaction