Soc Exam 2

Question 1

fundamental attribution error

Answer 1

an individual’s tendency to attribute another’s actions to their character or personality, while attributing their behavior to external situational factors outside of their control

Question 2

absolute poverty

Answer 2

unable to meet basic human needs

Question 3

relative poverty

Answer 3

falling short economically compared to others

Question 4

social stratification

Answer 4

system which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy

Question 5

generational wealth

Answer 5

$ or something that gets passed on after your death

Question 6

caste system

Answer 6

social stratification based on ascription or birth

Question 7

class system

Answer 7

social stratification based on birth and individual achievement

Question 8

meritocracy

Answer 8

based on personal merit

Question 9

pure meritocracy

Answer 9

position depends entirely on ability and effort

Question 10

open systems

Answer 10

allow change in social position

Question 11

closed systems

Answer 11

allow little change in social position

Question 12

status consistency

Answer 12

A situation in which an individual’s status is similar across several categories such as education, income and occupation

Question 13

davis-moore thesis

Answer 13

structual-functional view of stratification. stratification has beneficial consequences for the operation of society. ex) brain surgeon vs mcdonalds worker, some jobs require scarce talent and will pay more

Question 14

lumpen-proletariat

Answer 14

below proletariat class

Question 15

why did the revolution never happen

Answer 15

higher standard of living, more worker unions, greater legal protections, american dream

Question 16

socioeconomic status

Answer 16

composite ranking based on various dimensions of inequality

Question 17

C. Wright Mills

Answer 17

discussed the power-elite, upper-class holds most of society’s wealth, prestige, and power

Question 18

Kuznets Curve

Answer 18

high-income nations that have passed through the industrial era have less economic inequality

Question 19

wealth

Answer 19

total value of $ and assets minus outstanding debts

Question 20

intragenerational social mobility

Answer 20

change in social position occurring during a person’s lifetime

Question 21

intergenerational social mobility

Answer 21

upward or downward social mobility of children in relation to their parents

Question 22

high-income countries

Answer 22

countries with most developed economies cover 25% of earth’s area

Question 23

middle income countries

Answer 23

have per capita income ranging between $2500 and $10,000

Question 24

low-income countries

Answer 24

largely agrarian with some industry

Question 25

modernization theory

Answer 25

suggests that traditional societies will develop as they adopt more modern practices.

Question 26

postow's theory of modernization

Answer 26

1) traditional 2) take off stage 3) drive to technological maturity 4) high mass consumption

Question 27

dependency theory

Answer 27

explains global inequality in terms of historical explanation of poor societies by rich ones

Question 28

gender stratification

Answer 28

the social ranking, where men typically inhabit higher statuses than women.

Question 29

gender roles

Answer 29

attitudes and activites that society links to sex

Question 30

beauty myth

Answer 30

teaches women to measure themselves in terms of physical appearance

Question 31

margaret mead

Answer 31

gender refelcts biological facts, people should define feminine and masculine in the same way

Question 32

george murdock

Answer 32

global agreement on what tasks are feminine and what tasks are masculine, hunting and warfare fall to men and home centered tasks are women's work

Question 33

androgyny

Answer 33

fusing of traits of feminitiy and masculinity in a single personality

Question 34

patriarchy

Answer 34

social organization where males dominate females

Question 35

matriarchy

Answer 35

social organization where females dominate males

Question 36

what amendment allowed women the right to vote

Answer 36

the 19th amendment

Question 37

minority

Answer 37

category of people, distinguished by physical or cultural differences, that a society sets apart or subordinates

Question 38

sexual harassment

Answer 38

comments, gestures, or physical contact of a sexual nature that are deliberate, repeated, and unwelcomed

Question 39

feminism

Answer 39

advocacy for social equality for men and women, in opposition to patriarchy and sexism

Question 40

marx’s conflict theory

Answer 40

society is in a state of perpetual conflict because of competition for limited resources

Question 41

weber’s conflict theory

Answer 41

there are three main sources of conflict: economic, social, and political. This theory focuses on the competition between social groups, rather than individuals, and attempts to explain social change and stability as a result of group conflict

Question 42

quid pro quo sexual harassment

Answer 42

when a supervisor seeks sexual favors from a worker in return for some type of job benefit — such as a raise, better hours, promotion, etc.

Question 43

hostile work environment sexual harassment

Answer 43

any conduct directed at an employee because of that employee’s sex that unreasonably interferes with the employee’s work performance or creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive working environment.

Question 44

pink collar jobs

Answer 44

working in the care-oriented career field or in fields historically considered to be women's work

Question 45

sex vs gender

Answer 45

sex is categorized as male or female. Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours, expressions and identities of girls, women, boys, men, and gender diverse people.