Soc. 18-21 Flashcards
What is the formula for Aerobic Respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon dioxide + water + energy
What is the formula for Anaerobic respiration?
Glucose -> energy + lactic acid
What is Glucose?
A major source of enegy for most cells in the body
What is Aerobic respiration?
The process of releasing enrgy from glucose, without oxygen
What is anaerobic respiration?
The process of releasing energy from glucose, without oxygen
What is Aerobic exercise?
Working at a moderate intensity allowing the body time to utilise oxygen for energy production and to work for a continuous period, e.g. long-distance events
What is lactic acid?
A colourless acid produced in mucle tissues during strenuous exercise when the body is exercising anaerobically at high intensity
What is a cramp?
Painful, involuntary contraction of a muscle, usually caused by fatigue
What are fats?
A rich source of enrgy, but many modern diets provide more than our bodies need
What are carbohydrates?
The body’s main source of energy for high intensity exercise
What are free sugars?
Extra sugar added to food and drink
Short term effects on the muscle
Muscle fatigue
What is a short term effect on the heart?
Your heart rate increases
What is a short term effect on your breathing?
You use up more oxygen than you take in
What is a short term effect on your breathing
You use up more oxygen than you take in
Lever
A system of muscles and bones working together to help you move
When you exrcise, your muscles pull on your bones, and your bones create movement acting as levers
Axis
An imaginary straight line around which the lever rotates
Fulcrum
The point around which the lever rotates
Load
The force that is applied by the lever system
Effort
The force that is applied by the user of the lever system
Three different classes of levers
First, second and third class
What does saggital plane (flexion and extension) = with an example?
Front axis (flexion and extension) e.g. front somersault
What does frontal plane (abduction and adduction) = with example
Saggital axis (abduction and adduction) e.g. cartwheel
What are the characteristics of a front and back or piked somersault?
You move forward, with your left and right sides moving together in the same direction - in the sagittal plane
Your body bends on a line that runs horizontally from side to side - around your frontal axis
Jumped somersaults are similar. Front back somersaults are whole - body movements in the sagittal plane, around the frontal axis
What are the characteristics of performing cartwheels?
You move sideways, from right to left or left to right - in the frontal plane
Your body rotates around a line that runs from the front to the back of your body - around your sagittal axis
What are the characteristics of twists jumps in trampolining?
The key movement is not up or down, or from side to side, but around one spit - in the transverse plane
They twist around an invisible line that runs from head to toe around the vertical axis
What is the composition of inhaled air?
Oxygen 21%
CO2 0.04%
Nitrogen 79%
Immediate effects that an exercise session would have on the respiratory system?
Increased depth of breathing/heavy breathing
Breathing rate increases
Two by-products released while producing energy aerobically
Carbon dioxide and water
Two different blood pressures
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure
How would effort allow the weight trainer to lift weight
Biceps muscle provide the effort which allows the weight lifter to lift the weight
Why would it be important for your heart rate and breathing rate to increase while warming up
Need oxygen for muscles due to exercise. An increased breathing rate makes 02 available in body/lungs/increases oxygen intake. But needs (increased) heart rate to transpory/pump oxygen to muscles
How can the heart increase cardiac output
Increase in heart rate and increase/larger stroke volume
