Component 2 Soc. 22-26 Flashcards
Depressant
Substance that lowers the level of physiological or nervous activity in the body
Stimulant
A substance that raises alertness
Sedative
A drug that has a calming or sleep-inducing effect
Lifestyle choices
The choices we make about how we live and behave that impact on our health
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
Sometimes known as a good cholesterol, removed bad cholesterol from the body
Sedentary lifestyle
Where there is little/no physical activity
Well being
The state of being comfortable, healthy and happy
Health
A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being
What are examples of lifstyle choices?
Diet, ativity levels, work/life/sleep balance, recreation drugs, smoking, alcohol
Dehydration
The loss of water and salts essential for normal body function
Hydrate
Take on water
Metabolic rate
The rate at which metabolic processes take place; the rate at which a body uses up energy
Hyrdation
Means the body has the corrct amount of water in cells, tissues and organs to function properly
Diuretic
Making you produce more urine
Carbohydrates
stored in the muscles and the liver as glycogen, which is quickly converted into glucose and used to provide energy
Complex (starch)
Found in natural foods such as bananas and brown rice. Which help to provide energy for exercise
Simple (sugars)
found in their natural form in fruit and vegetables, and in their refined form in biscuits and more
Fats
they provide energy and, together with glycogen, help muscles to work.
Proteins
Important to help build muscles and repair damaged tissue. Protein comes from two types of food: animal protein and vegetable protein
Vitamins
A balanced supply of vitamins is essential for the body to function properly. Vitamins are essential for: good vision, good skin and more
Minerals
Are essential for a healthy body. Two key main minerals you need are calcium and iron.
Iron
linked to. Haemoglobin the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood and formation of red blood cells
Calcium
increases strength of bone and teeth
Open Skill
The situation is always changing
Closed skill
Takes place in a stable, predictable environment
Simple/basic skill
The player finds it easy and needs little concentration
Complex skill
The player finds it hard and needs complete concentration
Low organisation skill
Clear, simple phases or parts
High organisation skill
Complicated phases
Massed practice
Where the skill is practised until its learned without taking a break
Distributed practice
Where the skill is practised over several sessions
Fixed practice
Where the skill is practised over and over again until it is perfected
Variable practice
Practising the skill ina variety of different situations
Visual Guidnace
Visually showing a skill being performed
What are the 7 elements of a balanced diet?
Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water and fibre
What factors affect your optimum body weight?
Height, bone structure, muscle girth, gender
What are the 3 body types?
Ectomorph - small delicate frame, thin
Mesomorph - strong, well defined
Endomorph - gains muscle and fat easily, soft and round body
Characteristics of an ectomorph
- Small frame and bone structure
- Flat chest
- Small shoulders
- Thin
- Lean muscle mass
- Fast metabolism
Characteristics of a mesomorph
- Athletic
- Hard body with well defined muscles
- Rectangular shaped body
- Gains muscle easily
- Gains fat more easily than ectomorphs
Characteristics of an endomorph
- Soft and round body
- Gains muscle and fat very easily
- Is generally short and stocky
- Round physique
- Slow metabolism
Manual guidance
Physically touching performer to help them get into position
Mechanical guidance
Using equipment to help performer
Intrinsic feeback
Comes from the performer
Extrinsic feedback
Comes from an outside source
Concurrent feedback
Given at the time of the performance or during
Terminal feeback
Given at the end of the game
Verbal guidance
Used to back up visual guidance. Verbally explaining to the learner
Two possible benefits of drinking water during event
Throughout the triathlon as he exercises more his body will become dehydrated (lack of water in the body to functin properly) so drinking water will be essential for the body to avoid fatigue early into the race.
Water can rejuvinate the body allowing it to work for longer increasing the blood flow to working muscles and giving minerals to the body allowing the muscles to work for longer.
Example of emotional benefits of regular participation in physical activity
Reduces stress, better depression, increase self-esteem, an emotional/psychological challenge, aesthetic appreciation
Example of physical health benefits of regular participation in physical activity
Improvement in cardiovascular fitness, lower resting heart rate, body composition (weight control), muscular strength and edurance
Example of social health benefits of regular participation in physical activity
Co-operation, developing friendships and mixing socially, gaining a good atitude to competing, learning how to win or lose
Positive and negative effects on the impact of fitness on Well-being
Gives you lower resting heart rate and lower blood pressure, can help weight control
Puts you at risk of sport-related injury, stresses and needs of a particular sport can lead to long-term health problems
Explain how the lifestyle choice of smoking can negatively effect the body
Smoking can cause: lung cancer, shortness of breath/reduced lung capacity, heart disease and bronchitis and lung disease
Explain how the lifestyle choice of drinking alcohol can negatively effect the body
- Affect the way the brain works, changing your behaviour and making it harder to think clearly
- Weakens your immune system, making your body an easier target for disease
- Increase your risk of developing some cancers including mouth, liver and breast cancer
How may the optimum weight of a power athlete vary from that of an endurance athlete
Prop = more body mass
Winger/marathon athlete = less body mass and more…
Commercialisation
Making something available on the market; using something to make a profit
Media
The main means of mass communication (television, radio, newspapers and internet)
Deviance
Behaviour that falls outside the norms or what is thought to be acceptable; goes against the moral values or laws of the sport
Negative deviance
Deviance that has a detrimental effect
Positive deviance
Deviance where there is no intention to cause harm or break the rules
Sportsmanship
Qualities of fairness, following the rules, being gracious in defeat or victory
Gamesmanship
Bending the rules/laws of a sport without actually breaking them
Advantages of commercialisation
More funding
Wider audience
Active lifestyle
Awareness
Disadvantages of commercialisation
Higher prices
Sponsors lead sport
What are commercialisation, the media and sport connected to
Media coverage
Sponsorhsip
Fashions
Fashion
Some brands are considered fashionable, and made expensive by media coverage and famous athletes
Lots of money can be made by endorsements
What effects who participates in sports
Gender Age Socio-economic group Ethnicity Disability People
Gender
Some physical activities are more ‘male’ and others more ‘female’. Boys who love netball may struggle, while women’s football is still less popular
Age
Some sports are more suitable for younger people, e.g. gymnastics whereas a sport like golf or curling suits older competitors. People may grow out of of playing a certain sport if they no longer find success
Socio-economic group
Different sports have associated costs, e.g. polo, rowing and lacrosse and more ‘wealthy’ and ‘upper class sports’ while football, darts and netball are more ‘middle/lower class’
Ethnicity
Lack of representation from different cultures in sport can lead to a lack of participation from a cultural group
Disability
Resources and opportunities for disabled people are increasing, however at local level and in school there is less availability
Influence
- Choice of activity is influenced by others:
- Children often take part in the same physical activities as their parents
- Influence of peer groups and people of the same age
- Role models
- Successful sportspeople
Consequences of living a sedentary lifestyle
Doubles the risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity, and increase the risks of colon cancer, high blood pressure, osteoporosis, lipid disorders, depression and anxiety.
