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GCSE P.E > Component 2 Soc. 22-26 > Flashcards

Component 2 Soc. 22-26 Flashcards

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1
Q

Depressant

A

Substance that lowers the level of physiological or nervous activity in the body

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2
Q

Stimulant

A

A substance that raises alertness

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3
Q

Sedative

A

A drug that has a calming or sleep-inducing effect

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4
Q

Lifestyle choices

A

The choices we make about how we live and behave that impact on our health

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5
Q

High-density lipoprotein (HDL)

A

Sometimes known as a good cholesterol, removed bad cholesterol from the body

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6
Q

Sedentary lifestyle

A

Where there is little/no physical activity

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7
Q

Well being

A

The state of being comfortable, healthy and happy

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8
Q

Health

A

A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being

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9
Q

What are examples of lifstyle choices?

A

Diet, ativity levels, work/life/sleep balance, recreation drugs, smoking, alcohol

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10
Q

Dehydration

A

The loss of water and salts essential for normal body function

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11
Q

Hydrate

A

Take on water

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12
Q

Metabolic rate

A

The rate at which metabolic processes take place; the rate at which a body uses up energy

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13
Q

Hyrdation

A

Means the body has the corrct amount of water in cells, tissues and organs to function properly

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14
Q

Diuretic

A

Making you produce more urine

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15
Q

Carbohydrates

A

stored in the muscles and the liver as glycogen, which is quickly converted into glucose and used to provide energy

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16
Q

Complex (starch)

A

Found in natural foods such as bananas and brown rice. Which help to provide energy for exercise

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17
Q

Simple (sugars)

A

found in their natural form in fruit and vegetables, and in their refined form in biscuits and more

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18
Q

Fats

A

they provide energy and, together with glycogen, help muscles to work.

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19
Q

Proteins

A

Important to help build muscles and repair damaged tissue. Protein comes from two types of food: animal protein and vegetable protein

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20
Q

Vitamins

A

A balanced supply of vitamins is essential for the body to function properly. Vitamins are essential for: good vision, good skin and more

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21
Q

Minerals

A

Are essential for a healthy body. Two key main minerals you need are calcium and iron.

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22
Q

Iron

A

linked to. Haemoglobin the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood and formation of red blood cells

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23
Q

Calcium

A

increases strength of bone and teeth

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24
Q

Open Skill

A

The situation is always changing

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25
Q

Closed skill

A

Takes place in a stable, predictable environment

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26
Q

Simple/basic skill

A

The player finds it easy and needs little concentration

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27
Q

Complex skill

A

The player finds it hard and needs complete concentration

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28
Q

Low organisation skill

A

Clear, simple phases or parts

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29
Q

High organisation skill

A

Complicated phases

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30
Q

Massed practice

A

Where the skill is practised until its learned without taking a break

31
Q

Distributed practice

A

Where the skill is practised over several sessions

32
Q

Fixed practice

A

Where the skill is practised over and over again until it is perfected

33
Q

Variable practice

A

Practising the skill ina variety of different situations

34
Q

Visual Guidnace

A

Visually showing a skill being performed

35
Q

What are the 7 elements of a balanced diet?

A

Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water and fibre

36
Q

What factors affect your optimum body weight?

A

Height, bone structure, muscle girth, gender

37
Q

What are the 3 body types?

A

Ectomorph - small delicate frame, thin
Mesomorph - strong, well defined
Endomorph - gains muscle and fat easily, soft and round body

38
Q

Characteristics of an ectomorph

A
  • Small frame and bone structure
  • Flat chest
  • Small shoulders
  • Thin
  • Lean muscle mass
  • Fast metabolism
39
Q

Characteristics of a mesomorph

A
  • Athletic
  • Hard body with well defined muscles
  • Rectangular shaped body
  • Gains muscle easily
  • Gains fat more easily than ectomorphs
40
Q

Characteristics of an endomorph

A
  • Soft and round body
  • Gains muscle and fat very easily
  • Is generally short and stocky
  • Round physique
  • Slow metabolism
41
Q

Manual guidance

A

Physically touching performer to help them get into position

42
Q

Mechanical guidance

A

Using equipment to help performer

43
Q

Intrinsic feeback

A

Comes from the performer

44
Q

Extrinsic feedback

A

Comes from an outside source

45
Q

Concurrent feedback

A

Given at the time of the performance or during

46
Q

Terminal feeback

A

Given at the end of the game

47
Q

Verbal guidance

A

Used to back up visual guidance. Verbally explaining to the learner

48
Q

Two possible benefits of drinking water during event

A

Throughout the triathlon as he exercises more his body will become dehydrated (lack of water in the body to functin properly) so drinking water will be essential for the body to avoid fatigue early into the race.

Water can rejuvinate the body allowing it to work for longer increasing the blood flow to working muscles and giving minerals to the body allowing the muscles to work for longer.

49
Q

Example of emotional benefits of regular participation in physical activity

A

Reduces stress, better depression, increase self-esteem, an emotional/psychological challenge, aesthetic appreciation

50
Q

Example of physical health benefits of regular participation in physical activity

A

Improvement in cardiovascular fitness, lower resting heart rate, body composition (weight control), muscular strength and edurance

51
Q

Example of social health benefits of regular participation in physical activity

A

Co-operation, developing friendships and mixing socially, gaining a good atitude to competing, learning how to win or lose

52
Q

Positive and negative effects on the impact of fitness on Well-being

A

Gives you lower resting heart rate and lower blood pressure, can help weight control

Puts you at risk of sport-related injury, stresses and needs of a particular sport can lead to long-term health problems

53
Q

Explain how the lifestyle choice of smoking can negatively effect the body

A

Smoking can cause: lung cancer, shortness of breath/reduced lung capacity, heart disease and bronchitis and lung disease

54
Q

Explain how the lifestyle choice of drinking alcohol can negatively effect the body

A
  • Affect the way the brain works, changing your behaviour and making it harder to think clearly
  • Weakens your immune system, making your body an easier target for disease
  • Increase your risk of developing some cancers including mouth, liver and breast cancer
55
Q

How may the optimum weight of a power athlete vary from that of an endurance athlete

A

Prop = more body mass

Winger/marathon athlete = less body mass and more…

56
Q

Commercialisation

A

Making something available on the market; using something to make a profit

57
Q

Media

A

The main means of mass communication (television, radio, newspapers and internet)

58
Q

Deviance

A

Behaviour that falls outside the norms or what is thought to be acceptable; goes against the moral values or laws of the sport

59
Q

Negative deviance

A

Deviance that has a detrimental effect

60
Q

Positive deviance

A

Deviance where there is no intention to cause harm or break the rules

61
Q

Sportsmanship

A

Qualities of fairness, following the rules, being gracious in defeat or victory

62
Q

Gamesmanship

A

Bending the rules/laws of a sport without actually breaking them

63
Q

Advantages of commercialisation

A

More funding
Wider audience
Active lifestyle
Awareness

64
Q

Disadvantages of commercialisation

A

Higher prices

Sponsors lead sport

65
Q

What are commercialisation, the media and sport connected to

A

Media coverage
Sponsorhsip
Fashions

66
Q

Fashion

A

Some brands are considered fashionable, and made expensive by media coverage and famous athletes

Lots of money can be made by endorsements

67
Q

What effects who participates in sports

A 
Gender
Age 
Socio-economic group
Ethnicity
Disability
People
68
Q

Gender

A

Some physical activities are more ‘male’ and others more ‘female’. Boys who love netball may struggle, while women’s football is still less popular

69
Q

Age

A

Some sports are more suitable for younger people, e.g. gymnastics whereas a sport like golf or curling suits older competitors. People may grow out of of playing a certain sport if they no longer find success

70
Q

Socio-economic group

A

Different sports have associated costs, e.g. polo, rowing and lacrosse and more ‘wealthy’ and ‘upper class sports’ while football, darts and netball are more ‘middle/lower class’

71
Q

Ethnicity

A

Lack of representation from different cultures in sport can lead to a lack of participation from a cultural group

72
Q

Disability

A

Resources and opportunities for disabled people are increasing, however at local level and in school there is less availability

73
Q

Influence

A
  • Choice of activity is influenced by others:
  • Children often take part in the same physical activities as their parents
  • Influence of peer groups and people of the same age
  • Role models
  • Successful sportspeople
74
Q

Consequences of living a sedentary lifestyle

A

Doubles the risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity, and increase the risks of colon cancer, high blood pressure, osteoporosis, lipid disorders, depression and anxiety.

GCSE P.E (7 decks)

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