Soaps, Detergents, Emulsions

Question 1

Production of soaps (and glycerol)

Answer 1

Hydrolysis of fats and oils in alkaline conditions

Question 2

Ionic head

Answer 2

Hydrophilic (water loving) immiscible in oil

Question 3

Covalent Hydrocarbon tail

Answer 3

Hydrophobic (water hating) dissolves in oil

Question 4

Cleansing action of soap

Answer 4

1- head dissolves in h20, 2- tail ‘burys’ in grease leaving heads in water, 3- agitation separates grease from surface creating micelles (small grease droplets) 4- micelles prevented from combining from negative charges on soap heads ions

Doesn’t work well in hard water as contains calcium/ magnesium ions which form a scum with soap

Question 5

Detergents

Answer 5

Similar to soaps and combat hard water conditions

Question 6

1.Emulsions 2.emulsifiers

Answer 6

1. Formed when two normally immiscible liquids mix

2. Allow emulsions to form due to hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of structure, commonly used in food industry